BRITISH BEARS AND WOLVES. 
243 
sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, caused the 
hone-caves of Saxony and Bohemia to be eagerly explored 
by the searchers after Album gr cecum, which in the old phar- 
macopoeias did not merely mean elephant’s tusk or hyaena’s 
coprolite, but any fossil-bone whatsoever. And as among the 
remains obtained from the caves those of the cave-bear 
were very abundant, the similarity which they bore to the 
animal living in Germany led to the recognition of their true 
nature, and they were gradually withdrawn from the province 
of medicine into that of palaeontology, under the name given 
to them by Dr. Goldfuss. During the latter part of the 
eighteenth and the first quarter of the nineteenth centuries 
the range of the cave-bear was gradually extended, by various 
discoverers of its remains, from Grermany into France, and 
lastly, by the famous exploration of Kirkdale by Dr. Buck- 
land, into Britain. It was discovered by the Rev. J. M‘Enery, 
in Kent’s Hole, and subsequently in no less than twenty out of 
the thirty-six British post-glacial caves, the contents of which 
I have tabulated in the “Quarterly Geological Journal,” 1869. 
In Belgium, the limestone caverns around Liege yielded 
large quantities of its remains to Dr. Schmerling, the great 
rival of Dr. Buckland in cave-hunting. Recent investigations 
have shown that it crossed the Alps into Lombardy, and it has been 
met with also in Southern Russia. Its range in space may be said 
to extend from Yorkshire and Liege in the north, through 
Germany and France as far as the plains of Lombardy. It 
probably also found its way still further south in Italy, no 
geographical barrier intervening, although M. Cesselli’s quotation 
of it from the gravel-beds of Rome has not as yet been veri- 
fied. It has not yet been discovered in Northern Germany or 
Scandinavia, or in Northern Siberia, where the vast accumu- 
lation of fossil-bones have excited the curiosity of the most 
eminent naturalists, such as Pallas and Brandt. Its absence 
this there is another orb whose sphere is fifteen yards in diameter ; round 
about this temple a most exact playne ; and but little more than a foot under 
this superficies laid the bones so$ close one by another that scul toucheth 
scul. I exposed two or three, and perceived their feet lay toward the 
temple ; and I really believe the whole ground is. full of dead bodies.” He 
adds that the bones were large, but much decayed, though 11 the teeth 
were extreem and wonderfully white, hard, and sound ; ” upon which he 
notes: “no tobacco taken in those days.” Dr. Toope says: “I came the next 
day and dug for them (the bones), and stored myself with many bushels, 
of which I made a noble medicine, that relieved many of my distressed 
neighbours.” Aubrey adds: “This was in 1678, and Dr. Toope was lately 
(1685) at the Golgotha again, to supply a defect of medicine he hath had 
from hence.” — “Crania Britannica, Ancient British,” IGennet, vol. ii. 
