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least degree warrant any speculation as to which animal came 
here first. When the French and Belgian naturalists have 
tabulated all the animals found in their respective countries, 
they may generalise freely about the absence, or presence, or 
preponderance, of certain species. Up to the present time this 
has not even been attempted by any writer on the subject. In 
the caves of Britain — such as Kent’s Hole, Wookey Hole, Kirk- 
dale, and the rest, which may be seen in my table of distribution 
{ British Post-Glacial Mammals , “ Quarterly Geological J ournal,” 
1869) — fhe cave-bear is associated indifferently with all the three 
animals which M. Lartet selects as being of classificatory value. 
In a word, all that we can safely say of the post-glacial range of 
the cave-bear is that it is found in a great many of the caves in 
such association with the other mammalia that it cannot be 
considered characteristic of any of the stages into which the 
post-glacial age has been arbitrarily divided. We cannot tell 
from what area it migrated into Europe ; but, from its known 
range over the central and southern portions of the Continent, 
we may assume that it came from a comparatively temperate 
region, and not from the present home of the reindeer or musk- 
sheep. It very probably came from Southern Siberia. If, 
indeed, we allow that the severity of the glacial period began 
in the present northern regions, and gradually increased, the 
arctic mammalia would gradually encroach on the temperate 
zone, and compel the dwellers in that zone to retreat further 
and further southwards. The necessary result of the glacial 
cold would be a boulversement of geographical provinces, such 
as we find at the close of the pleiocene, and during the post- 
glacial age. If this view be accepted, the presence of the 
cave-bear in Britain at the close of the pleiocene may be 
ascribed to the increase of cold in the northern regions. 
The grizzly bear, Ursus ferox , has been proved by Professor 
Busk to be identical with the species described by Dr. Goldfuss 
under the name of TJrsus {prisms, and is comparatively common 
in the British post-glacial caves and river deposits. It occurs 
in the lower brick-earth deposits on both sides of the Thames, 
at Crayford in Kent, and Ilford and Grays Thurock in Essex, 
along with El&phas antiquus and the megarhine species of 
rhinoceros, and is more abundant in the British caves than its 
spelaean congener. On the Continent its remains are found in 
the caves of Belgium and Germany, and in France it has been 
described by M. Lartet under the name of Ursus Bourgui- 
gnati . It also probably occurs in Italy, according to the 
opinion of the late Dr. Falconer.* Its range in Europe, there- 
fore, may be said roughly to coincide with that of the cave- 
* “ Palseontograpliical Memoirs/’ vol. ii. 
