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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
— 1. On Changes of Climate arising from the varying Excentricity of the 
Earth’s Orbit (“ Geol. Trans./’ 2nd series, vol. iii., referred to in “ Lyell’s 
Principles” as early as 1837). 2. On the effect of the Kemoval of Matter 
from above to below the Sea, producing “ a mechanical subversion of the 
equilibrium of pressure and temperature ; ” On Subsidence and Elevation ; 
The Influence of Subterranean Steam ; The results of the Expansion of Pocks 
by Heat; -The Fusion and Metamorphism of Sedimentary Pocks, etc. 
(letters written in 1836, and published in 1838, at the close of “Babbage’s 
Ninth Bridgewater Treatise ”). He was buried in Westminster Abbey, 
beside the remains of Sir Isaac Newton. 
The Pre- Glacial History of North Cheshire . — Mr. C. E. de Pance, who 
publishes a somewhat lengthy paper on the geology of Cheshire in the 
“Geological Magazine,” thinks, among other conclusions, that in pre- 
glacial times a plain of marine denudation composed of hard and soft beds 
of new red sandstone existed from the borders of Wales to south-western 
Lancashire, unbroken by valleys, over which flowed the Bee to the north, 
receiving as a tributary from the east the Mersey, which gradually cut for 
itself a transverse gorge across the strike of the rocks ; at the same time, 
longitudinal valleys, to the north and to the south, gradually came into 
existence. Those to the north were afterwards entirely destroyed by marine 
denudation, which formed a lower plain. The subsidence continuing and 
the climate becoming glacial, the district was submerged beneath the waters 
of the Glacial Sea, and the Gorge, or transverse valley, as well as the longi- 
tudinal valleys, were filled up with glacial deposits. Afterwards, on the 
re-elevation of the country, these were excavated out, partly by running 
water, and partly perhaps by small glaciers which, as he has attempted to 
show elsewhere, undoubtedly held their ground, at the close of the glacial 
epoch, in the valleys of the Lake-district. The entire valley of the Mersey, 
including its termination through the 'Wallasey Gorge, would be equally 
filled up with drift ; over this surface of drift the river must have flowed, 
widening and deepening its channel as it ran, here making great cliffs of 
overhanging boulder-clay, and there cutting through the drift down to the 
bare rock, and in some instances cutting its bed wider and deeper in the 
rock than it was before the glacial submergence. 
Mr. Hennessey and M. Delaunay versus Mr. Hopkins . — On the 13th of 
last March, just as we were going to press, M. Delaunay read a statement 
to the effect that he acknowledged that Mr. Hennessey had used the same 
arguments as himself against Mr. Hopkins’s theory relative to the fluidity 
of the interior parts of the earth. This admission, which is a most honour- 
able one, must have been received in Dublin with great rejoicing, and very 
worthily so. 
Sea-sand Heaps caused by Glaciers. — Mr. J. H. Kinham proposes a some- 
what startling but, nevertheless, very well sustained hypothesis on this sub- 
ject. Since accumulations of sand occur at or in the vicinity of all the 
valleys of Yar-connaught that open towards the west ; and as in each of 
them there is palpable evidence that glaciers once flowed down them 
towards the west, he cannot but be inclined to believe that these sands 
originally owed their origin to glaciers. That similar accu mulations do 
not always exist at or near the mouths of the valleys in that country, which 
