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POPULAR SCIENCE REVIEW. 
twenty-seven in number, links together the ancient with the 
present fauna. The bison, or the aurochs, ranged over nearly 
the whole of the Euro-Asiatic continent in Pleistocene times, 
from the Pyrenees through France and Grermany and Siberia, 
as far as Behring’s Straits and Eschscholtz Bay, on the American 
shore of the Arctic Sea, in company with the mammoth and 
the reindeer. In the days of Charlemagne it inhabited the 
forests in the neighbourhood of Aix-la-Chapelle, and some 
thirty years ago it was met with in the Caucasus, and at the 
present day it lingers in the Lithuanian forests, protected by 
a special decree of the Czar of Bussia. The American variety 
inhabits the temperate zone of North America. I agree with 
Professor Brandt, of St. Petersburg, in viewing the American 
bison as a variety of the European, after a careful comparison 
of the points of difference between the two animals. The 
Pleistocene bison stands half way between the European and 
the American, and represents sometimes the characters of the 
one and sometimes the characters of the other. The Urus is 
still living, as Professor Kutimeyer tells us, in our domestic 
breeds, and it inhabited the woods of Grermany in a feral state 
at least as late as the days of Charlemagne. The grizzly bear, 
for the identification of which we have to thank Professor 
Busk, is to be met with only in the temperate regions of North 
America. During the Pleistocene age it was more numerous in 
Britain than any of the other species of bear. The rest of the 
group may be passed over without further notice. They 
consist of 
The greater horseshoe 
Fox 
Shrew 
Field mouse 
hat 
Ermine 
Stag 
Meadow vole 
Common hat 
Stoat 
Roe-deer 
Hare 
Mole 
Weasel 
Wild hoar 
Rabbit 
Wild cat 
Martin cat 
Horse 
Common mouse. 
Lynx 
Otter 
Beaver 
Wolf 
Browbeat 
Water rat 
The Celtic short-horn ( Bos longifrons) and the goat ( Cajpra 
hircus ) have been purposely omitted, because there is no 
evidence that either inhabited Gireat Britain or any part of 
Europe during Pleistocene times. 
The third group, consisting of species common to cold and 
tropical climates, is represented only by the panther, which 
has been discovered by Mr. Sanford and myself in the caves of 
the Mendip Hills. On the continent it is known under the 
name of Felis antiqua. It is by no means rare in the caves. 
At the present day it is found throughout Africa, Asia Minor, 
Palestine, and the Altai mountains in Siberia. 
