6 
ALTRICIAL GRALLATORES — HERODIONES. 
B. Tibia: and border of the wing white. 
4. A. cinerea. Pileum and occipital plumes black ; forehead and centre of crown white (as 
in A. herodias). Neck cinereous. Culmen, 4.80 ; tarsus, 6.00-6.25 ; wing, 18.50. Hab. 
Europe, etc. Accidental in Southern Greenland. 
[5. A. cocoi. 1 ] Entire pileum (including forehead, etc.) and occipital plumes black. Neck 
white. Culmen, 5.85-6.75 ; tarsus, 7.20-8.00 ; wing, 18.50-19.50. Hab. South America. 
THE GREAT WHITE HERON ; WtlRDEMANN’S HERON. 
a. White phase. 
Ardca occidcntalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 542; V. 1839, 596; Synop. 1839, 264; B. Am. VI. 
1843, 110, pi. 308. — Coues, Key, 1872, 267 ; Check List, 1873, no. 451 ; 2d ed. 1882, no. 656.— 
Scl. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 125. — Ridgw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Survey Terr. IV. no. 1, 
1878, 227 (critical). — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 486. 
Audubonia occidcntalis, Bonap. Consp. II. 1855, 113.- — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 670; Cat. N. Am. 
B. 1859, no. 489. 
b. Colored phase. 
Ardca Wtirdemannii, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 669; ed. 1860, pi. 86 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 488. 
— Coues, Key, 1872, 267 ; Check List, 1873, no. 450. 
Hab. The “Austroriparian” region 2 of eastern North America, from Florida to Southern 
Illinois (Wabash River) ; Jamaica. 
Sp. Char. (a. White phase, = occidentalis, Aud.). Adult: Entire plumage pure white. “Bill 
yellow, the upper mandible dusky green at the base ; loral space yellowish-green ; orbital space 
light blue ; iris bright yellow. Tibia and hind part of tarsus yellow ; fore part of tibia [tarsus?] 
olivaceous ; sides of latter greenish 3 r ellow ; claws light brown” (Audubon, l. c.). 3 Young : Simi- 
lar in color to the adult, but destitute of any plumes. 
1 Ardea cocoi, Linn. 
Ardca cocoi, Linn. S. N. I, 1766, 237. — Bonap. Consp. II. 1855, 110. — Gray, Handdist, III. 1871, 
27, no. 10103. — Scl. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 125. — Boucaiid, Cat. Av. 1876, 49, no. 1372. 
— Ridgw. Bull. U. S. Geol. k Geog. Survey Terr. IV. no. 1, 1878, 244 (critical). 
Ardea fuscicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. XIV. 1817, 410. 
Ardca soco, Vieill. t. c. 423 (ex Lath.). 
1 Ardea major, Fraser, P. Z S. 1843, 116 (Chili). 
Ardea plumbca, Meriiem. Erscli. Gruber’s Encycl. V. 1820, 177. — Reichenow, J. F. O. 1877, 264. 
Ardca maguari, Spin, Av. Bras. II. 1825, 171. 
Ardea palliata, “Illig.” Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, Ardea sp. 2. 
2 From the fact of this species having been observed at Mount Carmel, Illinois, on several occasions, it 
is inferred that its range may comprehend the Austroriparian region, or Louisianian fauna in general, 
although probably nowhere common, except in parts of Florida. 
3 The following measurements are given by Audubon : — 
if : “Length to end of tail, 54 inches ; to end of wings, 54 ; to end of claws, 70 ; extent of wings, 83; 
