STREPSILID^E — THE TURNSTONES — STREPSILAS. 
119 
Com. Char. Lower parts (except jugulum), upper part of rump, upper tail-coverts, and greater 
wing-coverts, pure white ; remainder of plumage dusky, sometimes variegated with white, or white 
and rufous. 
S. interpres. 
1. S. interpres. Throat always white. Adult: Upper parts more or less mixed with rufous, 
especially in winter plumage, when this color prevails in large patches ; head mostly 
white ; jugulum uniform deep black. Young : Head mostly dusky ; upper parts without 
rufous, but with ochraceous edgings ; jugulum mottled dusky. Wing, about C.00 ; cul- 
men, .80-90 ; tarsus, 1.00; middle toe, .75. Hah. Entirely cosmopolitan, but affecting 
chiefly the sea-coasts. 
2. S. melanocephalus. Throat always dusky. Adult in summer : Upper parts uniform bronzy 
brownish black ; head, neck, and jugulum, black, with white streaks on forehead and 
jugulum, and large spot of same on lores. Adult in winter : Similar, but head, neck, 
and jugulum, smoky brownish, and without white markings. Young : Similar to the 
winter plumage, but head, etc., more grayish, the feathers of upper parts bordered termi- 
nally with pale buff, or whitish. Wing, 8.80-9.10 ; culmen, .85-1.00 ; tarsus, 1.00-1.10 ; 
middle toe, .90. Hob. Northwest coast of North America. 
Strepsilas interpres. 
TURNSTONE. 
Tringa interpres, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, I. 148 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 248. — Wils. Am. Orn. VII. 1813, 
32, pi. lvii. 
Strepsilas interpres, I lug. Prodr. 1811, 263. — Swains. F. B. A. II. 1831, 371. — Nutt. Man. Water 
Bds. 1834, 30. — Aud. Orn. Biog. IV. 1838, 31, pi. 304 ; Synop. 1839, 227 ; Birds Am. V. 1842, 
231, pi. 323. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 701 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 515. — Coues, Key, 
1872, 246 ; Check List, 1873, no. 406 ; 2d ed. 1881, no. 598. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1882, 
no. 509. 
Morinella interpres, Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 4, 1882, 32. 
Tringa morincllus, Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 249 (= young). 
Strepsilas collaris, Temm. Man. II. 1820, 553. 
“ Charadrius cinclus, Pallas” (Baird, 1. c. ). 
Hab. Sea-coasts of nearly all countries ; in America, from Greenland and Alaska to Chili 
and Brazil ; in the interior, more or less common along the shores of the Great Lakes and larger 
rivers. 
Sp. Char. Adult: Chin and throat, a large loral patch, another covering terminal half of the 
auriculars, border of the pileum, and large transverse patch on each side of the jugulum, white ; 
stripe from the frontlet to the eye, squarish patch beneath the eye, malar stripe, side of the neck, 
jugulum, and sides of the breast, uniform black, all these markings confluent and sharply defined. 
