130 
PRiECOCIAL GRALLATORES — LIMICOL^E. 
Vanellus capella. 
THE LAPWING. 
Tringa vanellus, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 148 ; ed. 12, 1766, 248. 
Charadrius vanellus, Wagl. Syst. Av. 1827, no. 47. — Naum. Vog. Deutschl. IX. 1838, 269, pi. 179. 
Vanellus capella, Schaeff. Orn. Mus. 1789, 49. — Stejn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Yol. 4, 1882, 35. 
Vanellus vulgaris, Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. II. 1803, 313. 
Vanellus cristatus, Meyek, Vog. Deutschl. I. 1810, 10. — Macgill, Man. II. 55. — Keys. & Blas. 
Wirb. Eur. 69. — Gray, Gen. B. II. 541 ; Cat. Brit. B. 1863, 137. — Gould, Birds Eur. pi. 291. 
— Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 512. — Coues, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 593. 
Vanellus gavia, Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816, 29. — Steph. Gen. Zool. XI. 509, ph 38. 
Vanellus bicornis, Beehm, Vog. Deutschl. 557. 
The Peewit, or Lapwing, Yarii. Brit. B. ed. 2, II. 481, fig. ; ed. 3, 11. 515, fig. 
V, capella. 
Hab. Entire Paloearctic region ; occasional in Arctic America (Greenland, “ Reinhardt, 
Ibis, 1861, 9;” islands in Norton Sound, Alaska, Dall & Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. I. 
1869, 293). 
Adult, breeding-plumage : Pileum, crest, fore-part of the lores and malar region, chin, throat 
and entire breast, blue-black, faintly glossy. Side of the head and neck white, the nape ashy. 
Back, scapulars, and tertials, metallic bottle-green, changing to coppery purple on the outer scapu- 
lars ; wing-coverts dark purplish blue, changing to greenish, becoming decidedly green on the 
