206 
PRiECOCIAL GRALLATORES — LIMICOLJS. 
exclusively, north of the United States. The race occidentalis is chiefly restricted to the Western 
Province of North America ; the typical pusillus entirely confined to the Eastern Province. 
Sr. Char. Total length, about 5.75 to 6.50 ; extent, 11.00 to 12.00 ; wing, 3.50-4.00; culnren, 
.68-1.15 ; tarsus, .80-.95 ; middle toe, .55-.65. 1 Bill black, becoming greenish olive on basal part 
of the mandible ; iris dark brown ; legs and feet greenish olive. Rump slate-color ; upper tail- 
coverts and middle tail-feathers dusky, other rectrices cinereous ; wing-coverts and tertials brown- 
ish gray with dusky shaft-streaks, the greater coverts tipped with white. Superciliary stripe and 
lower piarts white, the former finely streaked with grayish dusky. Upper parts (except as 
described) variegated brown, black and rusty in summer adults and young, plain ashy with dusky 
shaft-streaks in winter plumage. 
Summer adult and young : Above brownish, varied with black, rusty, and white (the latter on 
the terminal borders of the feathers — sometimes almost wanting) ; beneath white, the jugulum 
streaked or spotted with dusky in the adult, shaded with grayish buff in young. Winter -plumage : 
Above, uniform ashy, finely streaked with dusky ; below, pure white. 
a. pusillus. 
Adult breeding-plumage : Upper surface light grayish brown, the sides of the pileum and edges 
of some of the scapulars and interscapulars tinged with pale buffy cinnamon, but this sometimes 
almost wholly absent ; pileum heavily streaked, and dorsal region heavily spotted, with black, the 
latter color occupying the central portion of each feather. A streaked white superciliary stripe, 
and dusky loral space, the latter usually very distinctly defined along its upper edge, the lower 
part broken into streaks, which extend backward over the cheeks ; auriculars streaked grayish 
brown. Lower parts pure ‘ white, the jugulum and breast tinged with ashy and streaked with 
dusky. Winter plumage : Above brownish gray or cinereous, relieved by dusky shaft-streaks ; 
superciliary stripe and lower parts pure white, the jugulum faintly streaked. Young : Similar to 
the summer adult, but jugulum tinged with pale grayish buff, and without well-defined streaks or 
spots, the scapulars and interscapulars bordered terminally with white, and the brown usually less 
rusty. Downy young: Forehead dingy white, divided by a mesial line of black; crown light 
chestnut, marbled posteriorly with black and white ; occiput mottled whitish. A distinct loral 
line of black, forking just before the eye, the upper branch running toward the anterior corner of 
the eye, the other inclining downward. Throat fulvous-white ; other lower parts whitish, nearly 
pure on the abdomen. Upper parts pale fulvous-brown laterally, black centrally, the whole surface 
thickly bespangled with fine downy tufts, terminating the down-filaments. 
Wing, 3.50-4.00 (3.78) ; culmen, .68-. 92 (.77) ; tarsus, .80-.95 (.86) ; middle toe, .55-65 
(.61). [Eighteen summer adults measured.] 
b. occidentalis. 
Adult breeding-plumage : Upper surface bright rusty cinnamon, the feathers spotted centrally 
with black, the cinnamon sometimes nearly uniform along the sides of the crown ; a white super- 
ciliary stripe streaked with dusky grayish, this bordered below by a stripe of light rufous or rusty 
1 Forty-two adult specimens measured ; the average of this series is as follows : wings, 3.75 ; culmen, 
.87 ; tarsus, .88 ; middle toe, .60. 
