RALLIDiE — THE RAILS — PORZANA. 
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a height of ten feet, covering tracts of many acres in extent, the stalks growing 
so closely together that a boat, excepting at high water, can hardly make its way 
through them. The seed of this plant is long and slender, white in color, sweet to 
the taste, and very nutritious. When the reeds are in fruit the Rails in great num- 
bers take possession of them. At this season a person walking along the banks of 
the river may hear their cries in every direction. If a stone is thrown among the 
reeds there is a general outcry and a reiterated kulc-kuk-kuk, like the scream of a 
Guinea-fowl. Any sudden noise produces the same effect. Rone of the birds, how- 
ever, can be seen except at high-water ; and when the tide is low they keep secreted, 
and a man may walk where there are hundreds of them without seeing a single one. 
On its first arrival this bird is very lean ; but as the seeds ripen it rapidly fattens, 
and from the 20th of September to the middle of October is in excellent condition. 
The usual mode of shooting it on the Delaware is as already described for the Hacken- 
sack River and marshes. The sportsman requires a light skiff, a stout and expe- 
rienced boatman, and a pole fifteen feet in length, thickened at the lower end. About 
two hours before high-water the hunter and his companion enter the reeds, and each 
takes his post, the former standing in the bow, the latter on the stern-seat, pushing 
the skiff steadily through the reeds. The Rails rise, one by one, as the boat is moved 
along, and only at a short distance in front of it. Each bird is instantly shot down, 
the boatman keeping his eye on the spot where the bird fell, directing the boat for- 
ward, and collecting the game while the hunter is reloading. In this manner the 
sport is carried on ; the boat being pushed steadily through the reeds, the birds are 
flushed and shot, the hunter alternately loading and firing, and the assistant pushing 
the skiff and picking up the fallen game. This is continued until an hour or two 
after high water, when they are compelled by the fall of the tide to retire. In these 
excursions it is not uncommon for an active and expert marksman to kill from a 
hundred to a hundred and fifty Rails in a single tide. As two birds rarely, if ever, 
rise together, each must be shot singly. 
The flight of the Sora Rail among the reeds is usually low, and, shelter being 
abundant, is rarely extended to more than fifty or a hundred yards. When winged, 
and uninjured in its legs, it dives and swims with great rapidity, and is seldom seen 
again. On such occasions it has been found clinging with its feet to the reeds, under 
the water, or skulking under the floating vegetation with its bill just above the sur- 
face. This bird is apparently weak and delicate in everything except its legs ; but 
these possess great vigor ; and its body being remarkably thin, it is able to pass 
readily between the reeds. Though its flight seems feeble, yet it occasionally rises 
to a considerable height, stretches its legs out behind it, and flies rapidly across the 
Delaware where it is more than a mile wide. 
In Virginia, along the shores of the River James, in the tide-water regions, this 
Rail is found in the fall in prodigious numbers ; and there it is usually taken at 
night, and in a different manner. A kind of iron grate is fixed on the top of a stout 
pole, which is placed, like a mast, in a small canoe, and filled with some light com- 
bustible. The man who manages the canoe is provided with a paddle ten or twelve 
feet in length, and, about an hour before high-water, enters the reeds. The space 
for a considerable extent around is well lighted, the birds are bewildered, and as 
they appear are knocked down with the paddle. In this manner from twenty 
to eighty dozen have been killed by three negroes in the short space of three 
hours. 
This Rail is frequently met with at sea between our shores and the West India 
Islands. Mr. Lewis, in the “ American Sportsman,” refers to a living example taken 
