ANSERINE — THE G-EESE — BERNICLA. 
455 
2. B. bernicla. Wing, 12.30-13.60 inches ; culmen, 1.20-1.50 ; tarsus, 2.10-2.40 ; middle toe 
1.70-2.10. White of the neck confined to two broken (streaked) patches on each side. 
Above, brownish gray, the feathers narrowly tipped with grayish white ; wing-coverts 
nearly uniform, more bluish gray ; remiges, rump, middle upper tail-coverts, and rectrices, 
brownish black ; terminal and lateral upper tail-coverts, crissum, and anal region white ; 
lower parts pale gray, the feathers tipped with grayish white, abruptly and strongly con- 
trasted with the black of the jugulum, and fading insensibly into the white of the anal 
region. Hah. Sea-coasts of Europe and Eastern North America ; rare inland. 
3. B. nigricans. Wing, 12.70-13.50 inches ; culmen, 1.20-1.35 ; tarsus, 2.20-2.50; middle toe, 
1.80-2.00. White of the neck forming a distinct collar, interrupted only behind. Above, 
nearly uniform dark sooty brown ; tail-coverts, etc., white, and remiges, etc., black, as in 
B. hrenta; lower parts dark sooty plumbeous (much like the upper parts in brenta ), nearly 
as dark as, but abruptly defined against, the black of the jugulum, as well as the white of 
the crissum ; feathers of the sides and flanks tipped with grayish white. Hah. Western 
districts of Arctic America, south in winter to Lower California ; accidental on Atlantic 
coast. 
C. Head mostly white, the lores, occiput, neck, and jugulum black. 
4. B. leucopsis. Wing, 14.90-16.90 inches ; culmen, 1.10-1.45 ; tarsus, 2.50-3.00 ; middle 
toe, 1.90-2.10. Above, silvery gray, the feathers marked with a broad subterminal bar 
of black and narrow tip of white ; remiges, rump, and tail black ; upper tail-coverts, anal 
region, and crissum white ; lower parts grayish white, darker on the sides and flanks. 
Hah. Sea-coasts of Northern Europe, but occasional along Atlantic coast of North America 
(Hudson’s Bay, Long Island, Currituck Sound, N. C., etc.). 
Bernicla canadensis. 
a. Canadensis. THE CANADA GOOSE. 
Anas canadensis , Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 198. — Wils. Am. Orn. VIII. 1814, 52, pi. 67, f. 4. 
Anser canadensis, Vieill. Enc. Metli. 1823, 114. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 468. — Nutt. 
Man. II. 1834, 349.— Aud. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 1; V. 1839, 607, pi. 201; Synop. 1839, 270 ; 
B. Am. VI. 1843, 178, pi. 376. 
Bernicla canadensis, Boie, Isis, 1826, 921. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, xlix. 764; Cat. N. Am. B. 
1859, no. 567. — Ridgw. Noin. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 594. — Coues, Check List, 2d eel. 1882, 
no. 702. 
Branta canadensis, Bannist. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, 131. — Coues, Key, 1872, 283 ; Check 
List, 1873, no. 485 ; Birds N. W. 1874, 554. 
? Bernicla Barnstoni, Ross. Canad. Nat. VII. Apr. 1862, 152. 
(3. Occidentals. THE WESTERN GOOSE. 
Bernicla occidentalis, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 766 (in text); Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 567 a. 
Bernicla canadensis, var. occidentalis, , Dall. & Bannist. Tr. Chicago Acad. I. 1869, 295. 
Bernicla canadensis occidentalis, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3, 1880, 203; Nom. N. Am. B. 
1881, no. 594 c. 
y. Hutchinsi. HUTCHINS’S GOOSE. 
Anas bernicla, var. b. Rich. App. Parry’s Vog. 368. 
Anser Hutchinsi, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 470. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 362. — Orn. Biog. 
III. 1835, 226, pi. 277 ; Synop. 1839, 271 ; B. Am. VI. 1843, 198, pi. 377. 
Bernicla Hutchinsi, Woodh. Sitgr. Exp. 1853, 102. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, pp. xlix. 766 ; Cat. 
N. Am. B. 1859, no. 569. 
Branta Hutchinsi, Bannist. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, 131. 
Branta canadensis, var. Hutchinsi, Coues, Key, 1872, 284. 
Branta canadensis, c. Hutchinsi, Coues, B. N. W. 1874, 554. 
Bernicla canadensis Hutchinsi, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3, 1880, 203 ; Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, 
no. 594 a. — Coues, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 704. 
