488 
LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 
end, where the edge of the maxilla overhangs the mandible on each side ; behind this, 
the fine lamellae completely exposed. Otherwise much like Querquedula (the wings colored 
exactly the same), but larger. 
8. Aix. Bill much shorter than the head, deep through the base, depressed terminally, the 
edges gently convex, and converging terminally ; nail very large ; base of the maxilla 
produced backward and upward into an elongated angle, extending on each side the fore- 
head nearly half-way to the eye. Tail lengthened, composed of broad, rounded feathers. 
Male with a full, elegant pendant crest of silky feathers. 
IS. Hind toe furnished with a membraneous lobe. 
a. Bill broad, depressed terminally ; tail short, the feathers moderately rigid, rounded at ends, 
and more than half concealed by the coverts ( Fuligulce ). 
9. Fuligula. Bill decidedly broadest at base, much depressed terminally, the vertical thick- 
ness just behind the nail being only about one fourth that at the base ; nail large and 
very broad. Adult male with the head rufous, the pileum ornamented by a full and very 
soft, bushy, rounded crest. 
10. Fulix. Bill about as long as the inner toe (with claw), the nail small and narrow. Head 
and neck black in adult males. 
1 1 . iEy thyia. Bill longer than inner toe, with claw. Head and neck reddish in adult males. 
b. Bill shorter than the head, rather compressed, the depth through the base considerably exceed- 
ing the width near the end ; terminal portion of the bill not at all depressed. Tail as in 
Fuligulce (the central pair of rectrices much elongated in Harelda'). ( Clangvlce .) 
12. Clangula. Bill much shorter than the head, compressed, and tapering, both laterally and 
vertically, to the end, the nail small and narrow. Plumage chiefly black and white in the 
male ; grayish and white, with brown head, in the female. 
13. Histrionicus. Bill as in Clangula, but the nail very large and broad, forming the end 
of the bill, the rictus overhung by a small wrinkled membrane. Color plumbeous, with 
white collar and other bands and markings, in the nlale ; dull grayish brown, with white 
spots on head, in female. 
14. Harelda. Bill much shorter than the head, nearly as broad as deep, the nail large and 
broad, the feathering at the base forming a nearly straight line running obliquely from 
the base of the culmen to the rictus. 1 Middle pair of rectrices and posterior scapulars 
much elongated and lanceolate in the male. Colors variable. 
15. Eniconetta. Bill shorter than the head, much compressed, the edges of the maxilla 
indexed so as partly to inclose the mandible ; nail very large and broad, forming the end 
of the bill, which is not at all “ hooked.” Male with the feathers of the lores and occiput 
stiff and bristly, the tertials strongly falcate, the plumage beautifully variegated ; female 
dull chestnut-brownish, variegated with black. 
16. Camptolsemus. Bill nearly as long as the head, the edges of the maxilla furnished 
terminally with a thickened membraneous appendage, the base of the maxilla encased 
with overlying skin, including the nostrils. Feathers of the cheeks stiffened and bristly. 
Color black and white (head, neck, jugulum, and wings chiefly white, under parts, ring 
round lower neck, and other parts black) in the male ; nearly uniform brownish-plumbeous 
in the female. 
c. Bill shorter than the head, tapering both laterally and vertically toward the end ; the base 
of the maxilla continued in a lengthened angle or broad lobe on each side of the fore- 
head, or else (in Arctonetta ) densely feathered as far forward as the nostril. Males with 
areas of stiff, bristly, greenish feathers about the head, the tertials strongly falcate, the 
plumage chiefly white and black, or plumbeous. Females brownish, barred with black 
(Somaterice) . 
17. Arctonetta. Feathering at base of the maxilla extending as far forward as the nostril, 
and forming a continuous oblique line from the culmen to the rictus ; feathers of the 
lores dense and velvety ; eyes surrounded by a dense roundish “cushion” of short, soft, 
velvety feathers. 
1 In some specimens there is a distinct feathered angle projecting toward the nostril, the bare skin of 
the bill forming an obtuse angle above it. 
