ANATIN^E — THE DUCKS — ANAS. 
503 
Anas fulvigula. 
THE FLORIDA DUSKY DUCK. 
Anas obscura, vox. fulvigula, Ridgw. Am. Nat. VIII. Feb. 1874, 111 (St. John’s R. Fla.). 
Anas obscura, b. fulvigula, Coues, Birds N. W. 1874, 561. 
Anas obscura fulvigula, Coues, Check List, 2d ed. 1882, no. 709. 
Anas fulvigula, Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. I. 1878, 251 ; Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 603. 
Hab. Florida (resident) ; Cuba? 
Sp. Char. Adult : Colors brownish black and ochraceous in nearly equal amount, the former 
in the centre and the latter on the margin of the feathers ; many of the feathers, especially the 
scapulars and long feathers of the sides and flanks, with a second V-shaped mark of ochraceous 
inside the marginal one. Entire throat and chin immaculate delicate ochraceous, or deep cream- 
color. Speculum deep metallic green (rarely purplish), with a faint purple or blue tinge in some 
lights, tipped broadly with velvety black ; last row of coverts brownish black, broadly tipped with 
velvety black and with a subterminal bar of deep ochraceous. Bill olive-yellow, the margin and 
base of the maxilla, especially below, black ; feet deep orange-red. Wing, 10.00-10.50 inches; tail, 
5.00; culmen, 2.05-2.35 ; width of the bill, .90 ; tarsus, 1.70-1.80 ; middle toe, 1.90-2.00. 
This well-marked and apparently very local species resembles A. obscura in general appearance, 
particularly in the absence of white bars on the wing, but is very much lighter in color, the 
entire chin and throat, as well as the greater part of the foreneck, being immaculate creamy 
buff, whereas these parts in A. obscura are thickly streaked with dusky ; the speculum is more 
often green than violet, the contrary being the case in A. obscura. An apparently constant point 
of distinction is to be found in the bill, the maxilla in A. obscura being olivaceous to the extreme 
base, while in A. fulvigula the base is margined by a narrow black line which widens out into a 
triangular space near the rictus or beneath the feathering of the lores. 
Specimens vary chiefly in the color of the speculum, which ranges from bright grass-green to 
violet, the former being the usual color. As in the Dusky Duck, the under wing-coverts and 
axillars are pure white. 
What has been supposed to be only a smaller southern race of the common Dusky 
Duck has for some time been known to exist in Florida. It is now recognized as a 
distinct and valid resident form, confined to southern regions exclusively. It is also 
probable that the Dusky Ducks known to be resident in South Carolina may also be 
referable to this species rather than to A. obscura. 
For the history of its peculiar habits I am indebted to Mr. N. B. Moore ; its exist- 
ence being first made known to him, in 1869, by his killing several adults and meeting 
with a brood of nine young. An informant of Mr. Moore, who has lived sixty-six years 
in Florida — and for twenty-five years on Sarasota Bay — informed him that it was 
unknown to him until within the last six years, when he killed a few on the Sarasota. 
This Duck hatches in Florida from the first to the last of April, only one set of eggs 
being laid in a season, unless it fails in raising its first brood. The nest is always 
placed on the ground, and the number of eggs is usually nine or ten. In one instance 
a nest was discovered which was nearly three hundred yards from water, and other 
nests were met with still farther from water. The one first referred to was cautiously 
concealed in a thick mass of dead grass held upright by green palmettoes, about two 
feet high. Mr. Moore once noticed a pair of Ducks fly from a pond, near which he 
was seated, and pass over the pine-barrens. One of them dropped among the grass ; 
the other returned to the water. Suspecting that the birds might have a nest, he 
visited the locality the next day, when the birds behaved as before. He soon made 
his way to the spot where the female alighted, and found her in a somewhat open 
space. On her return to the pond he soon discovered her nest. It was carefully 
