ANATINiE — THE DUCKS — MARECA. 
517 
ground-color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, whitish. Wing, 10.00-11.00 inches ; 
culmen, 1.35-1.45 ; tarsus, 1.45-1.60 ; middle toe, 1.65-1.75. Hab. Pakearctic Region ; 
occasional in Eastern North America, more frequent in Alaska. 
2. M. americana. Head and neck whitish, speckled with black, and with a dark metallic- 
green space on the side of the occiput (sometimes continued down the nape) ; ground- 
color of the dorsal region, sides, and flanks, vinaceous or pinkish cinnamon. Wing, 
10.25-10.75 inches ; culmen, 1.30-1.50 ; tarsus, 1.45-1.65 ; middle toe, 1.65-1.85. Hab. 
North America. 
B. Speculum wholly velvety black ; jugulum and anterior part of back black, irregularly barred 
with white ; sides and flanks light rufous ; scapulars and back black, the feathers widely 
bordered with white ; crissum white, tinged with rufous. Tail-feathers not acuminate, 
the middle pair scarcely projecting. 
3. M. sibilatrix. 1 Forehead, lores, and cheeks white, the latter finely barred with dusky ; 
posterior part of the crown and middle of the occiput (longitudinally) brownish dusky ; 
a space of metallic green, varying to violet-purple on each side the occiput, from the eye 
to the middle of the neck ; neck, including throat, dusky black. Wing, 10.40 inches ; 
culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60 ; middle toe, 1.80. 2 Hab. Southern South America. 
Mareca penelope. 
THE EUROPEAN WIDGEON. 
Anas penelope, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126; ed. 12, I. 1766, 202 [penelope ). — Naum. Yog. 
Deutsehl. XI. 1842, 724, pi. 305. — Reinh. Ibis, III. 1861, 13 (Greenland). 
Mareca penelope, Selby, Br. Orn. II. 324. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 784; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 
no. 586. — Coues, Pr. Essex Inst. V. 1868, 299 (New England) ; Key, 1872, 268 ; Cheek List, 
1873, no. 492 ; 2d ed. 1882, no. 712 ; B. N. W. 1874, 564 (footnote). — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. 
B. 1881, no. 606. 
Anas cagolca, S. G. Gmel. Reise, I. 1770, 77. 
Mareca fistularis, Stephens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 1824, 131, pi. 50. 
Wigeon, Yarr. Brit. B. ed. 2, III. 286, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 287, fig. ; et Auct. 
Hab. Palsearctic Region in general, and occasional in Eastern North America (several 
records — New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Florida, Wisconsin, etc.) ; breeding in 
the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 
1 Mareca sibilatrix. The Chilian Widgeon. 
Anas sibilatrix, Poeppig, Eror. Not. 1829, 10, no. 539 (Chili). 
Mareca sibilatrix, Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. Apr. 4, 1876, 395 (monographic). 
Anas chilcensis. King, P. Z. S. 1830-1831, 15. 
Mareca chilosnsis, Ey^ton, Monog. Anat. 1838, 117, pi. 21. — Cass. U. S. Astr. Exp. II. 1856, 
201. — Scl. & Salv. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 130. 
PaUpico pequeno, Azap.a, Apunt. III. 1805, no. 432 (Buenos Ayres). 
Anas par virostris, Merrem, Ersch. u. Grub. Enc. sect. i. xxxv. 1841, 43 (ex Azara, 1. c.). 
Hab. South America. 
This species differs from both M. penelope and M. americana in details of form and color, which, 
however, are merely of specific importance. The hill is quite similar, though the commissure it more ele- 
vated basally and more depressed in the middle, and its greatest width is through the base. The middle 
tail-feathers are not more elongated than the rest, and the upper tail-coverts are less lanceolate. The color- 
ation is yet more different, the only similarity being in the white wing-covert patch, as in both M. ameri- 
cana and M. penelope, and the green space on the side of the occiput, as in the former. The forehead, but 
also the lores and cheeks, are white. In other respects it differs totally from the two northern species as 
follows : Neck black ; jugulum with broad transverse bars of black and white ; sides and flanks plain 
rufous ; upper tail-coverts immaculate white ; speculum plain opaque black ; crissum rusty. An adult 
male measures as follows : wing, 10.30 inches ; tail, 4.50 ; culmen, 1.50 ; tarsus, 1.60; middle toe, 1.80 ; 
width of bill, .70 — the size being thus about the same as that of M. penelope and M. americana. 
2 Only one example measured. 
