( 405 .) 
CARLI'NA* *. 
Linn. Class Sf Order. Syngene'sia f, Polyga'mia,$!qualis+. 
Natural Order. Compo'sit.e§, tribe, Cynarocephalas, Juss. 
— Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 
and 200.— Mack. FI. Hibern. pp. 142 & 154.— Hook. Brit FI. (4th 
edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit.e ; subord. Cardua'ce.e; Loud. Hort. 
Brit. pp. 520 &521. — Synanthe're.e ; tribe, Cynarocephale ; 
Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephal.e, sect. 1. 
Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121.; Engl. 
FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringales ; type, Cynarace.e; Burn. Outl. 
of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sita?, Linn. 
Gev. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx) (see fig. 1.) cylin- 
drical, somewhat tumid, imbricated; the outer scales (fig. l,a.) 
sinuated, with numerous spines, spreading at the points ; the inner 
generally simple and acute ; the innermost (fig. 1, b.) much longer, 
coloured, polished, strap-shaped, spreading horizontally in a circle, 
and resembling radiant florets. Corolla compound, uniform, flat ; 
florets numerous, tubular (see figs. 2 & 3.), equal, all on a level, 
funnel-shaped, perfect ; limb in 5 deep, upright segments. Fila- 
ments (see fig. 4 ) 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see fig. 4, a.) 
in a cylindrical tube, easily separating, each with two deflexed 
bristles at the base. Germen (see fig. 4, b.) inversely egg-shaped. 
Style (see fig. 4, c.) thread-shaped, scarcely extending beyond the 
anthers. Stigma (see fig. 4, d.) oblong, either divided or entire. 
Seed-vessel none but the unaltered calyx. Seed conical, roughish, 
blunt. Pappus (see fig. 4, e.) feathery. Receptacle (see fig. 6.) 
flat, beset with strap-shaped, chaffy scales, which are split at the top 
into many bristle-like segments (see fig. 7). 
The imbricated, tumid involucrum, with the outer scales spinous, 
and the inner coloured, polished, and resembling a ray ; the feathery 
pappus; and the chaffy receptacle; will distinguish this from 
other genera, with a corolla formed of all tubular florets, in the 
same class and order. 
One species British. 
CARLFNA VULGA'RIS. • Common Carline-thistle. Common 
Carline. 
Spec. Char. Stem many-flowered, corymbose, cottony. Leaves 
spear-shaped, unequally spinous and sinuated, downy beneath. 
Engl. Bot. t. 1144.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1161. ; Ft. Suec. p. 282.— Huds. Ft. Angl. 
(2ml edit.) p. 355.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1696— Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 
857. ; Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 397. — With. (7th edit.) v. iii. p. 917. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. 
v. ii. p. 440.— Lindl. Syn. p. 154. — Ilook. Brit.- FI. p. 353.— Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. 
Fig. 1. A Flower ; a. outer scales of the involucrum ; 6. innermost scales of 
ditto. — Figs. 2 & 3. Separate Florets. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil ; a. anthers ; 
b. germen; c. style; d. stigma; e. a single ray of the pappus. — Fig. 5. A Seed, 
with its pappus. — Fig. 6. Section of the Receptacle, showing the chaff, &c. — 
Fig. 7. One of the chaffy Scales of the Receptacle. 
* Contracted from Carolina, from tradition that the plant was shown liy an 
angel to Charlemaone, as a remedy for the plague, which prevailed in his army. 
+ See folio 91, n. +. t See folio 147, n. {. } See folio 27, a. 
