( 410 .) 
CNICUS* * 
Linn. Class Order. SYNGENE'siAf, Polyga'mia,^QUAHS+. 
Natural Order. Compo'sit^e§, tribe, Cynarocephal.®, Juss. 
— Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 
and 200.— Mack. FI. Ilibern. pp. 142 & 154.— Hook. Brit FI. (4th 
edit.) p. 410. — Compo'sit.'E ; subord. Cardua'ce.e ; Loud. Hort. 
Brit. pp. 520 & 52 1. — Synanthe'rE-e ; tribe, Cynarocephala: ; 
Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephal.e, sect. 1. 
Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121.; Engl. 
FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringales ; type, Cynarace.e ; Burn. Outl. 
of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sit^e, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1.) tumid, im- 
bricated, of numerous, lanceolate, spinous-pointed scales, permanent. 
Corolla compound, nearly uniform ; florets (see fig. 3.) very nu- 
merous, equal, all tubular, and funnel-shaped ; tube slender, re- 
curved ; limb egg-shaped at the base, with 5 strap-shaped, nearly 
equidistant, segments. Filaments (see fig. 4.) 5, hair-like, very 
short. Anthers (see fig. 4.) united in a cylindrical tube. Germen 
(see figs. 4 & 5,) inversely egg-shaped, short. Style (see fig. 4.) 
thread-shaped, slightly prominent. Stigma oblong, more or less 
cloven, naked. Seed-vessel none but the converging unaltered in- 
volucrum. Seed (see fig. 5.) polished, inversely egg-shaped, with 
a slender, terminal, short, cylindrical point. Pappus (see fig. 5.) 
sessile, feathery (see fig. 6.), very long, united by a ring at the base, 
deciduous. Receptacle (see fig. 7.) nearly flat, beset with bristly, 
or very narrow chaffy, scales or hairs, as long as the tubes of the 
florets. 
The tumid involucrum , of numerous, imbricated, spinous-pointed 
scales ; the hairy receptacle ; and the feathery, deciduous pappus ; 
will distinguish this from other genera, with tubular florets, in the 
same class and order. 
It differs from Carduus (t. 177.) in the pappus being feathery. 
Nine species British. 
CNICUS LANCEOLA'TUS. Spear Plume-thistle. Bur-thistle. 
Spec. Char. Stem winged. Leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, his- 
pid, with variously-spreading spinous lobes. Involucrum egg- 
shaped, tomentose, its scales spear-shaped, spreading. 
Willd. Sp, PI. v. iii. pt. III. p. 1666. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 387. — Lindl. Syn. 
p. 152. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 351. ; FI. Scot. p. 236. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 172. — FI. 
Devon, pp. 133 & 157. — Johnst. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 179. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. 
and Durli. p. 52. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 231. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 27. — Dick. FI. 
Abred. p. 50. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 69. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 27. — Mack. Catal. PI. of 
Irel. p. 71.; FI. Hibern. p. 155. — Carduus lanceolatus, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1149. — 
Engl. Bot. t. 107.— Mart. FI. Rust. t. 131.— Iluds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 350.— 
Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Separate Scales of the Involucrum. — Fig. 3. A se- 
parate Floret. — Fig. 4. Stamens and Pistil. — Fig. 5. A Seed, crowned with its 
Pappus. — Fig. 6. A single Ray of the Pappus. — Fig. 7. Vertical section of the 
Receptacle. — Figs. 3, 4, and 6, magnified. 
* From cnizo, Gr. to prick or wound. 
+ See folio 91, note +. f See folio 147, note I See folio 27, a. 
