( 431 .) 
JUNIPERUS* *. 
Linnean Class and Order. DiCE'ciAf, Monade'lphia+. 
Natural Order. Coni'fer.e, Linn . — Juss. Gen. PI. p. 411. — 
Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 190. — Lindl. Syn. p. 240.; Introd. to Nat. 
Syst. of Bot. p.247. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p.546. — Loud. Hort. 
Brit. p. 535. ; Arb. et Frutic. Brit. p. 2103. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 
258. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 420. — Pineales; sect. Cupres- 
sina: ; type, Thujacea: ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v.i. pp. 492 & 502. 
Gen. Char. Sterile Flower (see fig. 1). Catkin (fig. 1.) coni- 
cal, without scaly bracteas. Stamens inserted in the axis of the 
catkin, imbricated ; filaments (see figs. 2, 3, & 4.) dilated into a 
scale bearing the anthers on the margin at the base ; anthers from 
3 to 6, globose, 1 -celled. Fertile Flower (see fig. 5.) Catkin egg- 
shaped, resembling a bud ; consisting of from 1 to 3 fleshy germens, 
with bracteas at the base. Berry (fig. 6.) composed of the en- 
larged and united germens, scaly at the base, 3-seeded (see fig. 7). 
Seeds (fig. 8.) obscurely 3-cornered, with 5 gland-bearing cells 
towards the base. 
The egg-shaped catkin of sterile fiowers, each with from 3 to 6, 
globose, 1-celled anthers; and the 3-seeded, berry-like fruit, of the 
fertile flowers ; will distinguish this from other genera in the same 
class and order. 
Two species British. 
JUNl'PERUS COMMU'NIS. Common Juniper. 
Spec. Char. Stem upright. Leaves 3 in a whorl, tipped with 
a spine, spreading, longer than the ripe fruit. 
Engl. Bot. t. 1100. — Wooilv. Med. Bot. v. ii. p. 259. t. 95. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 
1470, a. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed. ) p. 436, a. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. ii. p. 853. — 
Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1085. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 251. — With. (7th ed. )v. iii. p. 795. — 
Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 226. — Lindl. Syn. p. 241. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 438, excl. 
var. (3. — Loud. Arh. et Frutic. Brit. p. 2489. in part. f. 2348. and f. 2349. — Macr. 
Man. Brit. Bot. p. 219. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. ii. p. 623. excl. var. 0. — Sibth. FI. 
Oxon. p. 210. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 350. — Thomps. PI. of Berw. p. 97. — Davies’ 
Welsh Bot. p. 95. — Thorn. Fam. Herb. p. 845, with a figure. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. 
p. 462. — Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd edit.) p. 411. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 290. — Grev. FI. 
Edin. p. 211. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 221. — Winch’s FI. of Northumbl. and 
Durh. p. 65, excl. var. /3. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 299. — Baxt. Lib. of Agricul. 
and Horticul. Knowl. (2nd edit. ) p. 404. — Lindl. FI. Med. p, 556. — Bab. FI. Bath, 
p. 46.; Suppl. p. 92. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 58. — Irv. Loud. FI. p. 114. — Luxf. 
Reig. FI. p. 85. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 35. — Baines’ FI. of Yorksh. p. 94. — Leight. 
FI. of Shropsli. p. 496. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 87. ; FI. Hibern. p. 259. — 
Juniperus vulgaris, baccis parvis purpureis, Ray’s Syn. p. 444. — Bauh. Hist, 
v. i. pt. ii. p. 293. — J. vulgaris fruticosa, Bauh. Pin. p. 488. — Juniperus, 
Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1372. 
Localities. — O n heaths and open hilly spots, especially on a chalky soil. 
Fig. a. A Branch with Sterile Flowers. — Fig. b. Ditto with Fertile ones.— Fig. 1. 
Sterile Flower. — Figs. 2, 3, & 4, Stamens. — Fig. 5. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 6. A 
Ripe Fruit. — Fig. 7. The same with part of the fleshy covering removed. — Fig. 8. 
One of the Nuts. — Figs. 1 to 5, somewhat magnified. 
* From jeneprus, Celtic, rude or rough. 
f See folio 143, note +. $ See folio 106, note t. 
