( 440 .) 
CA'REX* *. 
Linncan Class and Order. Monoe'cia f, Trta'ndria +. 
Natural Order. Cypera'cea:§, Juss . — Lindl. Syn. p. 278. ; 
Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 304. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 392. — 
Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 541. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 318. — Hook. Brit. 
FI. (4th ed.) p. 427. — Cy'peroide.e, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 26. — Sm. Gr. 
of Bot. p. 68. — Cyperales ; sect. Caricina: ; type, Caricacea3 ; 
Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. i. pp. 354 & 358. — Calamaria:, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Sterile Flowers (see figs. 1 & 3.) numerous, aggre- 
gate, in one, or more, oblong, dense catkins (or spikes), their scales 
imbricated every way. Calyx a single, spear-shaped, undivided, 
permanent scale to each floret (see fig. 3) . Corolla none. Fila- 
ments (see fig. 3.) 3, rarely fewer, hair-like, upright or drooping, 
longer than the scales. Anthers vertical, long, strap-shaped, of 
2 cells. — Fertile Flowers (see figs. 2 & 4.) numerous, in the same, 
or more usually in a different catkin, very rarely on a separate 
plant. Calyx as in the sterile flower. Corolla (Ferigynium) a 
single, hollow, compressed, ribbed, often angular, permanent glume 
to each floret ; contracted, mostly cloven, and often elongated at 
the extremity. Germen superior, roundish, with 3, rarely but 2, 
angles, very smooth. Style (see fig. 4.) 1, terminal, cylindrical, 
short. Stigmas 3, more rarely 2 only, awl-shaped, long, tapering, 
downy, deciduous. Seed (figs. 6 & 7.) the shape of the germen, 
with unequal angles, loosely coated with the enlarged, either 
hardened or membranous permanent corolla (perigynium), both 
together constituting the fruit (see fig. 5) . 
The flowers in imbricated catkins ; each with a calyx of a single 
scale ; the sterile flowers without a corolla ; the fertile flowers with 
a corolla of 1 valve, which is pitcher-shaped, and swollen ; the 
single style with 2 or 3 stigmas ; and the 3-cornered nut or seed, 
included within the permanent corolla ; will distinguish this from 
other genera in the same class and order. 
Sixty-three species British. 
CA'REX RECU'RVA. Recurved Carex. Glaucous Heath 
Carex. Heath Sedge. 
Spec. Char. Sterile and Fertile Florets in separate spikes. 
Sheaths short, scarcely any. Bracteas leafy, auricled at the base. 
Fertile Spikes (catkins) cylindrical, scarcely drooping, densely im- 
bricated, on long, slender peduncles. Fruit roundish-egg-shaped, 
slightly downy, entire at the small point. 
Engl. Bot. t. 1506. — FI. Dan. t. 1051. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 413. — 
Gooden, in Tr. Linn. Soc. v. ii. p. 184. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 217. — Sm. 
FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 999. ; Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 114. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 129. — 
Fig. 1. Sterile Catkin. — Fig, 2. Fertile Catkin. — Fig. 3. A separate Sterile 
Floret. — Fig. 4. A separate Fertile Floret. — Fig. 5. The permanent, hardened 
Corolla, in which the seed (fig. 6.) is inclosed. — Fig. 7. Seed natural size. — 
Figs. 3, 4, 5, & 6, are magnified. 
* From Jceiro, Gr. to shear or cut ; in allusion to the sharp leaves and stems, 
f See fol. 83, note +. } See fol. 56, note t, { See fol. 436, a. 
