v. ii. p. 447. — Lindt. Syn. p. 151. — Hook. Blit. FI. p. 354. — Macr, Man. of Brit. 
Bot. p. 128. — Lightf. FI. Scot. v. 1. p. 461. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p. 248. — Abbot's 
FI. Bedf. p. 177. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 76. — Port. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 387. — Relh. 
FI. Cant. (3rd ed. ) p. 333. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 238. — FI. Devon, pp. 135 & 158. — 
Winch’s FI. of Northumb. andDurh. p. 53. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 234. — Bab. FI. 
Bath. p. 27. ; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 51. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 146. — Luxf. Reig. FI. p. 70. 
— Baines’ FI. Yorksh. p. 60. — Leiglit. FI. of Shropsh. p. 405. — Guilliv. Catal. l’l. 
of Banb. p. 17. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 154. — Verbesina , seu Cannabina aqua- 
tica,flore minus pulchro, elatior et magis frequens, Ray’s Syn. p. 187. — Bauli. 
Hist. v. ii. p. 1073. — Eupatorium cannabinum fcemina, Johns. Ger p. 711. 
Localities. — In watery places, and on the sides of wet ditches, ponds, and 
canals ; frequent. 
Annual. — Flowers in August and September. 
Root simple, and tapering ; with many whitish fibres. Stem 
from 1 to 3 feet high, upright, somewhat angular, s-lid, smooth, 
often purplish, leafy, with opposite, axillary branches. Leaves 
opposite, on dilated, winged, connate, ciliated petioles, in 3, some- 
times 5, deep, spear-shaped, pointed, strongly serrated segments ; 
dark green above, paler beneath. Flowers solitary, terminal, of a 
brownish yellow, somewhat drooping. Outer Scales (or bracleas) 
of the Involucrum about 8, unequal, spear-shaped, pointed, much 
longer than the flowers, their margins entire or serrated, and 
fringed with upright bristles. Inner Scales of the Involucrum 
upright, egg-spear-shaped, blunt, purplish and downy at the apex, 
their margins membranous, and marked with greenish-brown pa- 
rallel streaks. Florets (see fig. 1.) tubular, dilated upwards, 4- or 
5-cleft, segments acute, spreading and recurved. Fruit oblong- 
wedge-shaped, with 4 bristly angles, very much compressed. 
Pappus of 2 or 3 upright, slout bristles, armed with smaller deflexed 
ones, nearly as long as the floret, and arising from the angles. Re- 
ceptacle (see fig. 6.) nearly flat, covered with strap-spear-shaped, 
pointed, chaffy scales (see fig. 1.), as long as the florets. A variety 
sometimes occurs with radiant, 3-toothed, marginal florets ; and 
another in which the leaves are all undivided, but attention to their 
being petiolate, and to the outer involucral bracteas being many 
times longer than the flowers, will distinguish it from the other 
British species. 
A dye may be prepared from this plant, with alum, to stain 
cloths yellow. It is very acrid, and when chewed excites salivation. 
Lightfoot states, that in chemical qualities it much resembles 
the celebrated Verbesina Acmella, Linn Sp. PI. p. 1271, (Spilan- 
thes Acmella , Willd. Sp. PI. v. iii. pt. in. p. 1713,/, and therefore 
infers the probability of its proving serviceable in calculous com- 
plaints. — The seeds have been known sometimes to destroy the 
Cyprinus auratus, or Goldfish , by adhering to their gills or jaws. 
Some very interesting remarks, by Dr. R. Brown, relative to the 
British species of Bidens, may be seen in Dr. Johnson’s admirable 
“ Flora of Berwick-upon-Tweed,” v. ii. p. 287. ; but they are too 
long to copy here. 
