( 461 .) 
XA'NTHIUJVl* 
Linnean Class and Order- Monos'cia f, Penta'ndria +. 
Natural Order- Compo'sitai§ ; tribe, Corymbi'fer.eH, Juss* 
— Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 142.; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 
197 & 199. — Mack. FI. Hibern. p. 142. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) 
p. 410. — Compo'sita; ; subord. Ambrosia'ce^e, Loud. Hort. Brit, 
pp. 520 & 522. — Corymbi'fer.f, sect. 9. Juss. Gen, PL pp. 177 
and 191. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121, 122& 124. — Syringales; 
suborder, Asteros.e; sect. Asterina:; subsect. Asterian.e ; 
type, Asteraceas ; Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 901, 920, 
924, & 926. — Compo'sit/E, l Nucamentacea:, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Sterile Flower (fig. a.) compound. Involucrum 
f common calyx J of many, thin, imbricated, equal scales, on a level 
with the numerous florets. Corolla compound, hemispherical, uni- 
form ; florets (see fig. 1 .) monopetalous, tubular, funnel-shaped, 
upright, in 5 equal, marginal segments. Filaments 5 in each floret, 
converging in the form of a cylinder. Anthers upright, distinct, 
parallel. Common Receptacle scarcely any ; the florets sepa- 
rated by scales . — Fertile Flowers (fig. b.) below the sterile ones. 
Involucrum ( common calyx J (see fig. 3.) single, prickly, with 
2 beaks, entirely enclosing 2 flowers. Calyx none. Corolla none. 
Germen oval, clothed with the prickly involucrum. Styles 2 pair, 
hair-like. Stigmas undivided, protruded from small apertures 
within the beaks of the involucrum. Fruit (see fig. 2.) 1-seeded, 
included in the enlarged and hardened involucrum (figs. 3 & 4). 
The sterile flower with a many-leaved, and many-flowered invo- 
lucrum, all tubulur florets , and a chaffy receptacle ; and the 
fertile flower with a single, prickly, 2-flowered involucrum, which 
enlarges after flowering, and encloses the fruit; will distinguish 
this from other genera in the same class and order. 
One species British. 
XA'NTHIUM STRUMA'RIUM. Lesser Burdock^. Broad- 
leaved Bur-weed. Burdock Clotweed. Ditch-burr. Louse-burr. 
Spec. Char. Stem unarmed. Leaves heart-shaped ; 3-ribbed 
at the base. Beaks of the fruit straight, the prickles hooked. 
Engl. Bot. t. 2544. — FI. Dan. t. 970. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1400. — Huds. FI. Angl. 
(2nd ed.) p. 418.— Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. I. p. 373.— Sm. FI. Brit. v. iii. p. 1017. ; 
Engl. FI. v. iv. p. 136. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p.360. — Lindl. Syn. p. 151. — Hook. 
Brit. FI. p. 403. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 125. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and 
n. A Sterile Flower.— b. A Fertile Flower. — Fig. 1. A Sterile Floret. — Fig. 3. 
Involucrum of a Fertile Flower, containing 2 fruits. — Fig. 4. Transverse section of 
the same. — Fig. 2. A Fruit. — Figs. 5 and 6. Seeds. — Fig. 7. The Embryo. — 
Fig. 8. The same with the cotyledons separated. — Fig. 9. One of the Cotyledons 
removed, showing the plumule. 
From Xanthos, Gr. yellow, or fair ; because an infusion of it was supposed to 
improve the colour of the hair ; or, from the plant yielding a dye of that colour. 
■f See fol. 83, n. +. } See fol. 48, n. t. | See fol. 27, a. || See fol. 26, a. 
It From its resemblance in habit, foliage, and inflorescence, to the Arctium 
Lappa, or common Burdock, t, 333. 
