Engl. Bot. t. 2413. — FI. Graee. v. iii. p. 58. 1. 265. — Cavan. In. v. ii. p. 24. 
t. 127. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 344. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 114. — Willd. Sp. PI. 
v. i. pt. II. p. 1379. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 293. ; Engl. FI. v. ii. p. 37. — With. 
(2nd ed. ) v. i. p. 268. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 510. — Lindl. Syn. p. 126. — Hook. 
Brit. FI. p. 135. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 106.— Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and 
Bot. v. iil. p. 371. — Irv. Lqnd. FI. p 233. — Echinophora maritima spinosa, 
Tourn. Inst. p. 656. — Dill, in Ray’s Syn. p. 220. — Blaekst. Sp. Bot. p. 18. — 
Crithmum spinosum, Johns. Ger. p. 533. fig. 2. — Kay’s Syn. (2nd ed. ) p. 114. — 
Pastinaca marina , Baub. Hist. v. iii. pt. n. p. 196, with a figure. — Park. Theatr. 
Bot p. 1286. f. 3. 
Localities. — On sandy sea-shores. — Dorsetshire; Near Weymouth ; on the 
Chesil Beach between the Ferry and Portland; and on the cliff between Wey- 
mouth and Landsford Castle : Aug. 1837 ; Rev. A. Bloxam . — Kent ; " Between 
Feversham and Sea-Salter: Blackstone. Near Sandwich : Gerarde. In 
both these places I have sought for it in vain:” L. W. Dillwyn, in Botanist's 
Guide. Gerarde also says it grows between Whitstable and the Isle of 
Thanet. — Lancashire; At Roosebeck Low Furness : Ray. Mr. Woodward 
could not find it there. 
Perennial. — Flowers in July. 
Root spindle-shaped, long and fleshy. Stem upright, from 
6 inches to a foot high, glaucous, furrowed, finely downy, and 
very much branched, branches spreading in every direction. Leaves 
rigid, alternate or opposite, doubly pinnatifid, their segments narrow, 
channelled, entire, stiff, and spinous-pointed. Umbels terminal, 
large, of several partial umbels. Universal Involucrum (see fig. 1 .) 
of many undivided leaves, about as long as the stalks of the uni- 
versal umbel; partial involucrums of several, much smaller leaves, 
which finally become confluent with the receptacle and with each 
other. Flowers white, or pale flesh-coloured, numerous ; those in 
the margin radiant, and sometimes neuter (see fig. 3.) Fruit (see 
fig. 8.) egg-shaped, encompassed with the spreading hardened, 
partial involucrum, and crowned with the thickened stalks and 
permanent calyx of the faded sterile flowers. — There are rudiments 
of 2 seeds, though only one comes to perfection. See Smith's 
Engl. FI- 
The roots are reported to be eatable, having the flavour of 
Parsnep, with a stimulating and diuretic quality ; and it is also 
said that the young leaves afford a very wholesome and excellent 
pickle. It is a native of the sea-coast of Europe, especially in the 
Mediterranean Sea. From its not having, for many years, been 
found in the localities recorded for it by Gerarde, Ray, and 
Blackstone, it was thought to be extinct in Britain, until the 
Rev. Andrew Bloxam, M. A. of Rugby, in Warwickshire, dis- 
covered it on the coast of Dorset, in 1837, as stated above. 
The drawing for the annexed plate was made from a specimen 
preserved in the Sherardian Herbarium in the Oxford Garden. 
