FI. Iiedf. p. 61. — Thomp. PI. of Borw. p. SI. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 28. — Purt. 
Midi. FI. V. i. p. 144,— Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 117.— Hook. FI. Scot. p. 90.— 
Grew. FI. Edin. p. 64 — FI. Devon, p. 50. — Joluist. FI. Berw. v. i. p. 70. — Wincli’s 
FI. of Northumb. and Duvh. p. 19. — Walker’s FI. of Oxf. p. 83. — Bab. FI. Bath, 
p. 20.; Prim. FI. Sam. p. 44. — Dick. FI. Abred. p. 31. — Irv. Bond. FI. p. 196. — 
Luxf. Reig. Fl.p.25. — Bain’ FI. ofYorksh p. 45. — Leigh. FI. of Shropsh. p.127. — • 
Gull. PI. Banb. p. 6. — Beesl Hist, of Banb. p. 581. — Mack. Catal. PI. of Irel. p. 
28. ; FI. Hibern. p. 116. — Angelica sylvestris major, Bauli. Pin. p. 1 55. — Ange- 
lica palustris, Riv. I’entap. Irr. t. 17. — Water Angelica, Pet. II. Brit. t. 24. 
f. 10. — Imperatoria sylvestris, Decand. FI. Fr. v. iv. p. 286. 
Localities. — Moist woods, marshy places, and along the banks of rivers and 
wet ditches ; frequent. 
Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. 
Root thick, tapering, branched, and fibrous. Stem upright, from 
3 to 5 feet high, branched, leafy, hollow, cylindrical, striated, 
smooth, pollished, often purplish, covered upwards with a fine 
glaucous pubescence which easily rubs off. Leaves alternate, 
large, compound, twice- or thrice-pinnate, a little glaucous ; leaflets 
egg-shaped or egg-spear-shaped, pointed, unequally and sharply 
serrated, never decurrent at the base. Petioles ( leafstalks ) chan- 
nelled on the upper surface, those of the stem-leaves especially 
very much dilated and tumid at the base ; somewhat membranous, 
and many-ribbed. Umbels large, convex, with numerous, downy, 
general and partial rays. Universal Involuerum none, or of 1 or 
2 small slender leaves ; partial Involuerum of many similar leaves, 
but smaller. Floivers numerous, small, white, or more generally 
flesh-coloured. Petals nearly equal, somewhat egg-shaped, point- 
ed, their points uprightish. Fruit roundish, small, the channels 
with single vittae. 
This is a large, handsome, herbaceous plant; native of Europe, 
Siberia, and Caucasus. It is warm, acrid, bitter, and aromatic ; 
but the cultivated kind [Angelica Archangelica) possessing those 
properties in a higher degree, this has been long neglected. The 
caterpillar of the swallow-tailed Butterfly (Papilio Machaon, Shaw’s 
Nat. Misc. v. xi. t. 398.) is said to feed upon it. Cows, goats, and 
swine eat it ; horses refuse it. It renders hay ungrateful to cattle. 
The herb is said to dye a good yellow. A species of Erysiphe is 
frequent on the living leaves of this species in the Summer and 
Autumn, about Oxford ; and on the dead stems, in the Winter and 
Spring months, may be found the following parasitic fungi — 
Sphrc'ria Dolidlum, Pers. ; Sphee'ria herbarum, Pers. ; and Pha- 
cidium Patella , Tode. The latter is a beautiful species, and is not 
uncommon in a perfectly developed state in Bagley Wood, near 
Oxford. My specimens were collected in May, on dead stems that 
had remained through the preceding Winter. 
The oilier British species of Angelica, Angelica Archangelica , 
( Archangelica officinalis, of Hoffmann, Dkcandolle, and Lind- 
lky,) is distinguished from this by its much larger size, its lobed 
terminal leaflet, and especially by its seed being free and covered 
all over with numerous vittcc. 
