244 
Mycologia 
and Wurzburg. Returning to America in i86i, he served 
throughout the entire Civil War as surgeon to the 9th and the 
24th \\hsconsin Infantry Regiments. Throughout the war, he 
carried a copy of the 1857 edition of Gray’s jNIanual, which he 
kept to his last days as a cherished souvenir, well filled with an- 
notations about plants observed. 
After the war. Doctor Hasse practiced medicine in Wisconsin, 
Missouri, Arkansas, and California, entering the last State in 
1879. Ten years later, he was appointed surgeon to the Soldier’s 
Home near Santa Monica, California, and it was in this position 
that botanists came to know him as a student of lichens. He re- 
signed in 1905 and, for the last ten years of his life, gave his 
attention largely to the study of his favorite plants. He says in 
one of his letters, “I took up with lichens about- 1880. But the 
real incentive was given about 1890, by a circular from the late 
Doctor Stizenberger, in which he desired contributions of Pacific 
Coast lichens.” So it appears that Doctor Hasse worked as a 
collector for fifteen years before botanists became aware of him 
through his papers, and was at work for thirty-five years instead 
of merely the twenty years during which his papers were appear- 
ing frequently. 
As is well known, our Californian collector and student of 
lichens began his work at a time when it was difficult to get much 
help in America. By that time he was needing help badly. 
Tuckerman was dead, and Willey was beyond his active years. 
Writing in 1896 he said, “ Professor Farlow has, with great kind- 
ness, helped me out, but I am fearful of encroaching too much 
upon his time.” Aside from this help. Doctor Hasse had no 
choice but to continue to send his material to Doctors Stizenber- 
ger, Nylander, and Zahlbruckner in turn. Hence the early new 
species were named entirely by these three European lichenists, 
though Doctor Hasse has in recent years named a considerable 
number of his new species for himself, working against the handi- 
cap of lack of literature and large collections of specimens. The 
three European lichenists frequently sent the names of new 
species with very brief diagnostic notes or none at all. In some 
instances descriptions were written later by themselves, or per- 
haps more often by Doctor Hasse as we infer from his state- 
