Experiments in the J)air//. 
149 
cream from the smaller measure. The weight of the cream 
was then noted, the tare of the quart measure being deducted. 
The separator was washed out between each lot of milk, the 
milks all being heated to the same temperature, while the 
separator was run at the same speed throughout. 
The creams having been weighed were put aside for 
twenty-four hours to ripen, after which they were churned, 
the weights of the various lots of butter being carefully taken. 
All the creams were churned at the same temperature. 
The butters were run through a centrifugal drying machine 
and were made up by the same assistant, so as to be as dry 
and as much alike as possible, the buttermilks in every case 
being retained to see whether any butter fat was left in 
them, which fortunately did not occur. 
The following table (XL) gives the names of the different 
breeds of cattle whose milks were experimented with, the quan- 
tities and weights of cream of each, and the butter obtained 
therefrom. 
The butters are all worked out at an uniform rate of Is. 4f/. 
per lb. which may appear too high a figure for all of them, but 
I have used this price because, in the first place, it is easy 
to calculate the value when the price is Id. per ounce, and 
fractions other than farthings are avoided, and secondly because 
cream commands a relatively higher price than butter, so that 
although the butter price may be thought high, the value of the 
cream worked out from the butter figures is not at all excessive. 
In a second column the butter has been priced out at its 
market value, taking Is. 4(/. per lb. as the top price of the 
butter, and from these figures the creams will be assessed 
more nearly to their proper value per quart. 
Table XI. 
Breed 
Cream 
Butter 
Cream 
Value per quart 
Estd. 
Cost 
Market 
Esti- 
rate 
rate 
mated 
Market 
Ot. 
Lb. oz. 
Lb. oz. 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
s. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. d. 
s. d. 
Shorthorns 
1 
2 
5 
1 
4 
1 
4 
1 8 
1 
2 
1 51 
1 8 
1 51 
Lincolnshire Red 
Short-homs . 
1 
2 
4 
1 
6i 
1 
4 
1 lOi 
1 
o 
1 7f 
1 101 
1 V 
South Devons . 
1 
2 
1 
7 
1 
4 
1 111 
1 
4 
1 111 
1 111 
1 IP 
Red Polled 
1 
2 
3* 
1 
1 
4 
1 9* 
1 
2 
1 6J 
1 91 
1 6| 
Ayrshires . 
1 
2 
4| 
1 
5 
1 
4 
1 
1 
2 
1 6} 
1 91 
1 
Jerseys . 
1 
2 
4 
1 
7 
1 
4 
1 ll| 
1 
4 
1 111 
1 111 
1 11 
Guernseys 
1 
2 
1 
8i 
1 
4 
2 01 
1 
4 
2 01 
2 Oi 
2 0i 
Longhorns 
1 
2 
1 
5 
1 
4 
1 9 
1 
2 
1 61 
1 9 
1 6. 
Kerries 
1 
2 
41 
1 
4i 
1 
4 
1 8| 
1 
2 
1 6| 
1 8} 
1 6; 
Dexters 
1 
2 
41 
1 
4J 
1 
4 
1 81 
1 
2 
1 6 
1 81 
1 6 
From this it will be seen that the milks of the South 
Devon and the Channel Island breeds of cattle produce the 
best and most valuable cream. 
