154 
Agricultural Educatioi Exhibition. 
in thick type, and those below in ordinary tyi)e. It will be 
noticed that during the first twenty years there were only four 
occasions on which the rainfall was below the average, and 
that during the second twenty years there were only four 
occasions on which the rainfall was above the average, the 
annual average for the first twenty years being as high as 
27'69 in., while for the second twenty years it was only 
22‘16 in., thus showing a difference in the average of the two 
periods of 5'53 inches. 
These Nottingham figures help to explain very largely how 
it has been that Leicester and other Midland districts have 
during recent years suffered from “ water famines,” for the 
rainfall during the last twenty years has been almost con- 
tinuously below the average, and as more water is used than 
formerly there has also been a lowering of the underground 
water level. 
The influence of weather upon agricultural crops was shown 
by the following further diagrams ; — 
1. Temperature, rainfall and wheat-crop at Kothainsted ; (1) good 
crops ; and (2) bad crops. 
2. Temperature, rainfall and hay crop at Rothamsted ; (1) good 
crops ; and (2) bad crops. 
3. Autumn rainfall and yield of wheat, 1884-1907. This diagram 
showed the relationship between the rainfall of the autumn and the 
subsequent yield of wheat as worked out by Dr. W. N. Shaw, on the basis 
of a formula by which he suggested that it was possible to forecast the 
wheat crop from the previous autumn rainfall.' 
4. Diagrams were also shown illustrating the distribution of mean 
temperature over the British Isles ; (1) January ; and (2) Jul 3 ^ 
6. The annual average hours of bright sunshine recorded in the 
British Isles. 
6. Mean direction of the wind for England and Wales, 1881-190.5. 
7. The relative forwardness of vegetation in various districts of the 
British Isles. 
A large collection of photographs illustrating meteorological 
phenomena, such as clouds, lightning, damage by lightning, 
hail, damage by hail, snow, frost, floods, damage by gales, 
tornadoes, and whirlwinds was shown, and attracted a great 
amount of attention. 
In addition to the above, among other interesting objects 
shown, were a collection of lightning conductors, showing 
marks of fusion at highest point — the only effect visible 
when conductors in good order are struck by lightning. 
A collection of defective lightning conductors was also shown. 
A model of a chimney shaft showing methorl of protec- 
tion from lightning, elevation rods and points foi- lightning 
* It may, however, be noted in this connection that such an estimate may 
be found in practice defective unless aceount be taken of otiier faetors influ- 
encing this result. Thus the forecast for 1907 on Dr. Shaw’s formula, 27'5 
bushels per acre, has fallen much short of the result. 
