Manuring, Stock, 
181 
time of visiting the farm, there were to be seen twenty-seven 
cows, nine of which were in milk, the other eighteen each 
suckling a calf, four of these being bull-calves ; there were also 
six young heifers running with the bull, six eighteen-month- 
old heifers, four yearling bulls, and five yearling steers. Mr. 
Todd does not make a practice of showing, but one cow, 
“ Kirkby Nonpareil,” has won five first prizes, three of which 
have been at the “ Royal.” Several of the bulls bred on this 
farm have proved to be very successful sires, amongst them 
being “ Kirkby Virtuoso ” and “ Kirkby Middle Marsh 2nd ; ” 
this latter bull, after being used in one gentleman’s herd for 
eight years, was disposed of by him for fifty-two guineas. The 
bull calves are sold at ten and sixteen months old at the Alford 
and Lincoln Fairs, the steers and draft cows being fattened off. 
About 120 beasts are wintered annually. The “ stores ” receive 
3 to 5 lb. of cake per head per day with straw and hay, and 
those put up for “fattening” are given 6 to 7 lb. of cake with 
roots, straw chaff, meal, and hay. 
Sheep. — The sheep are of the Lincoln breed and all entered 
in the Flock Book. Usually 230 ewes are kept. At the time 
of our visit there were 213 ewes, 164 single lambs, 53 pairs, 
and 70 gimmers. About seventy gimmers are brought into 
the flock each year to take the place of the draft ewes 
which are fattened off. A number of gimmers and some ram 
hogs are each year sold for breeding and exportation. Usually 
1,000 sheep are wintered on the roots, receiving cake as men- 
tioned above, but this last winter there was 1,200. Half-a-dozen 
breeding sows of the Lincoln curly breed are kept to eat up the 
offals, &c., and supply the household and labourers, and some 
of the pigs are sold off “ fat.” 
Feeding Stuffs and Manures. — In addition to the farm pro- 
duce consumed at home, amounting to 250 quarters, the 
following expenditure, taken from a twenty years’ average, 
is incurred annually : Cakes, 700?. ; other feeding-stuffs, 484Z. ; 
artificial manures, 256?. ; or a total annual outlay of 36s. 5d. per 
acre all round, exclusive of the value of the home produce. 
The farm was well supplied with good buildings, and during 
this tenancy the landlord has covered in six yards and erected 
“ waggon ” sheds and other conveniences. The tenant is 
responsible for the necessary painting and repairing of the 
buildings, but usually considerable assistance has been received 
from the landlord. 
Drainage. — After Mr. Todd entered into occupation the 
landlord undertook the necessary drainage, this extending to 
about 100 acres, the tenant being called upon only for the 
carting of the tiles. • 
