40 
Practical  Hints  on  Fruit  Farminff. 
clmracter  vieing  witli  the  choicest  dessert  kinds,  and  it  should 
he  more  planted.  In  the  north,  Allington  Pippin  or  Charles 
Hoss  may  be  planted  in  the  ]dace  of  Cox’s  Orange  Pippin. 
Irish  Peach,  Golden  Russet,  Kerry  Pippin,  and  Court  Pendu 
Plat,  may  also  be  added.  The  best  .sorts  of  culinary  aj)ples  are 
Lord  Suffield,  which  is  early,  and  where  this  does  not  succeed. 
Lord  Grosvenor  or  Lord  Derby  may  take  its  place;  Ecklinville 
is  somewhat  soft,  but  is  a good  cropper ; Grenadier  and  Tower 
of  Glamis  should  be  more  largely  j)lanted  ; Mere  de  Menage, 
a tinely  coloured  apple  wlio.se  tree  has  a robust  constitution  : 
Newton  Wonder,  Bramley's  Seedling,  Chelmsford  and  By  ford 
Wonder,  together  with  Golden  Noble,  are  all  varieties  of  fine 
(juality.  In  the  north.  Lane’s  Prince  Albert,  Duche.ss  of  Olden- 
burg, Royal  Jubilee,  and  Bunyard’s  Hambling  Seedling,  mav 
be  included.  Some  counties  and  localities  have  certain  varieties 
which  are  little  known  out  of  their  districts,  as  for  in.stance 
Styford  Pippin,  which  is  extensively  grown  in  Northumberland, 
but  is  not  found  in  the  .south.  Again,  in  Berkshire,  an  apple 
named  Miller's  Seedling  is  extremely  popular,  whereas  it  is  not 
known  in  Kent.  Apjdes  too,  of  the  .same  variety,  often  have 
different  names  in  different  districts,  and  are  sold  under  them  in 
different  markets,  and  therefore  the  nomenclature  is  somewhat 
confusing.  In  the  west  of  England  apples  are  largely  grown 
for  cider,  and  of  late  years  its  manufacture  has  excited 
considerable  interest,  and  the  cultivation  of  cider  kinds  has 
been  greatly  improved.  The  chief  varieties  grown  are  Norman, 
Kingston  Black,  Red  Cowarne,  Cherry  Hereford,  True  Fox- 
whelps,  and  Wisteton  Seedling.  The  art  of  making  cider  is  a 
correct  blending  of  the  sweet  with  the  bitter  varieties. 
Pears. — The  Pear  requires  a .sheltered  situation,  and  will 
flourish  on  various  kinds  of  soils,  if  not  water-logged.  As  its 
roots  on  the  pear  stock  are  far  reaching,  it  is  necessary  that 
the  soil  should  be  fairly  light  in  texture.  On  heavy  soils  the 
fruit  cracks  and  does  not  develop,  but  on  the  whole  it  is  not  so 
fastidious  as  to  .soil  as  .some  other  fruits. 
Early  frosts  cause  considerable  damage  amongst  j)ears. 
For  market  ])urposes  pears  grown  on  the  free  stock  are  far 
preferable  to  trees  on  the  quince  stock,  which  should  be  rele- 
gated to  gardens  and  cordon  work.  Trees  worked  on  the 
former  stock  attain  a great  size,  and  are  very  profitable. 
Standard  trees  on  good  and  suitable  land  may  be  planted  at 
a distance  of  JO  ft.  apart,  and  closer  on  poorer  soils.  Pears 
are  planted  to  a great  extent  in  the  west  of  England  for 
