/^radical  lluitx  on  Fruit  Farminu. 
do 
at  first,  afterwards  red.  From  150  to  200  eggs  are  laid  by 
one  female.  In  the  early  .spring,  just  as  the  buds  swell,  the 
cater{)illars  come  out  and  get  into  them  ; they  are  dark  grev, 
with  flat  heads,  and  so  small  that  it  is 
difficult  to  see  them  without  a magnifying 
glass.  Later  they  are  greenish  with  white 
stripes  and  brown  heads,  finally  becoming- 
yellowish,  and  nearly  three-quarters  of  an 
inch  in  length.  If  they  are  numerous  and 
the  season  is  favourable  they  quickly  clear 
off  leaves  and  blossoms.  When  full  fed 
they  fall  to  the  ground,  and  burying  them- 
selves in  it,  or  under  grass  or  rubbish, 
change  to  chrysalids.  When  their  growth 
Fig.  6.— a,  Male  Winter  is  arrested  Iry  cold  weather,  the  leaves  and 
moth.  B,  Female,  natural  , , i no 
size,  c,  Caterpillar,  en-  olossoms  are  sometinies  cleared  oft,  and  the 
trees  are  left  as  bare  as  in  winter.  Apple 
trees  are  attacked  by  the  caterpillars  of  these  moths;  also  plum, 
damson,  filbert,  and  cob-nut  trees,  and  occasionally  gooseberry 
and  currant  bushes  under  infested  apple  and  plum  trees. 
Prevention. — A most  A'aluable  mode  of  prevention  against 
the  Winter  Moth  and  its  allies  is  to  stop  the  passage  of  the 
wingless  female  moths  up  the  trees  in  the  autumn  and  winter 
months  by  putting  bands  of  tough  gi’ease-proof  paper  round 
them,  smeared  from  time  to  time  with  cart  grease,  tar, 
or  other  greasy  or  sticky  material.  These  bands  must  be 
examined  from  time  to  time,  and  the  grease  renewed.  Bands 
made  of  old  manure  or  oil-cake  bags,  or  even  hay-bands,  may 
be  used,  smeared  with  sticky  compositions,  and  fastened  closely 
to  the  trees  and  frequently  examined.  Apparatus  of  permanent 
nature,  made  of  wood  or  tin,  or  even  of  stout  varnished  card- 
board, are  sometimes  put  round  trees  to  bar  the  progress  of 
the  moths.  Grease  banding  must  be  done  early  in  October, 
and  the  bands  must  be  often  looked  to.  It  must  be  continued 
up  to  the  end  of  March,  as  one  species,  the  “ March  Moth,” 
does  not  appear  until  that  month. 
Remedial  Measures. — Spraying  trees  is  most  advantageous, 
if  thoroughly  and  systematically  carried  out,  and  begun  as  soon 
as  there  is  the  slightest  sign  of  infestation.  This  can  be  done  by 
means  of  powerful  garden  engines,  with  long  lengths  of  hose. 
Hoi)-washing  engines  are  used  in  Kent.  Knapsack  machines 
can  bo  used  for  bush  and  pryamid,  and  for  bush  fruits.  A 
wash  for  the  ])urpose  of  making  the  food  unpalatable,  and  .so 
