Insect  and  other  Pests. 
101 
Beet  Fly  and  Celery  Fly. — Two  or  more  broods  of  these  pests 
are  liable  to  work  gr<“at  damag'e  among  the  crops.  The  eggs 
are  laid  between  the  up|)er  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaves  and 
the  parent  fly  dies.  The  eggs  hatch  and  the  maggot  feeds  nj)on 
the  inner  snbstaiic(^  of  the  leaves,  which  present  a blistered 
appearance.  Usually  it  is  easy  to  deal  with  the  first  attack  of 
the  celery  by  scpieez.ing  each  maggot  between  finger  aiid  thumb, 
because  they  are  few  ; but  if  the  first  brood  is  neglected  they 
arrive  at  maturity  and  deposit  eggs  in  their  turn  tenfold,  and 
the  task  of  the  celery  grower  is  then  difficult.  Hows  or  beds 
of  celery  may  be  ])rotected  by  dusting  soot  evenly  over  the 
foliage,  or  by  spraying  the  plants  with  an  emulsion  of  petroleum. 
I prefer  “pincliing”  and  “sooting.’’  If  large  breadths  of  beet 
or  mangels  are  attacked  with  the  larvje  of  the  dy,  it  is  good 
])olicy  to  apply  a stimulating  manure  and  induce  the  croj)  to 
outgrow  the  attack. 
Onion  Fly  and  Carrot  Fly. — Maggots  which  are  so  destructive 
to  onions  and  carrots  may  easily  be  ])revented  by  dusting  the 
crops  eveidy  with  soot,  and  rc])eating  the  op(‘ration  as  often  as 
is  necessary  until  tin'  egg-laying  period  is  ]>ast.  When  the 
dies  approach  onions  or  carrots  for  breeding  ])urposes  and  dnd 
them  looking  black  and  objectionable  they  seek  other  beds 
more  to  their  liking.  When  a crop  of  onions  is  attacked  by 
the  maggots  an  aj)|)lication  of  salt  is  benedcial. 
Turnip  Fly  or  Flea  Beetle. — This  insect  feeds  on  the  leaves 
of  young  turnips,  and  (‘specially  the  leaves  of  seedlings.  The 
I Fig.  13.— Turnip  Fly.  Plii/llotrctn  (Haltica)  nemorum  (Colcoptera). 
1,  Mature  beetle,  ntiutnifleil ; 2.  3,  Natural  size.  4,  .a,  Eggs  laid  on  under  .surface  of 
rough  leaf,  (i,  7,  Burrows  in  leaf,  made  by  larva  or  maggots.  S,  Larva,  natural 
size  ; 9.  Magnified.  10,  Pupa  or  chrysali.s,  natural  size  ; 11,  Magnified. 
Reproduced  from  the  Society’s  Text-Book,  “ Klements  of  Agriculture.” 
