326  Final  Report  on  Grass  Experiments,  1895-1904. 
almost  entirely  removed,  while  clover,  of  which  there  was 
previously  no  sign,  has  come  thickly,  and  the  pasture  is  now 
closely  grazed.  The  plot  with  basic  slag  in  smaller  quantity 
(6  cwt.)  and  kainit  in  addition  has  not  done  so  well,  and  it 
would  seem  from  this  that  the  heavier  dressing  is  advisable. 
Superphosphate  and  kainit  also,  though  improving  the  land, 
have  not  been  nearly  so  effectual  as  basic  slag.  Lime  has 
undoubtedly  done  good  also,  but  there  is  not  so  much  clover. 
What  is  observable,  however,  is  that  the  turf  has  more  improved 
here  than  on  any  of  the  other  plots,  the  thick  matting  of  creeping 
stems  on  the  soil  surface  having  entirely  disappeared,  leaving 
soil  right  up  to  the  top.  It  would  seem,  however,  that — as  ob- 
served elsewhere — the  lime  requires  following  up  l>y  farmyard 
manure  or  other  application.  For  the  first  five  years  or  so  bone 
meal  showed  apparently  no  benefit  whatever,  but  of  late  years 
this  has  undoubtedly  begun  to  tell,  and  the  plot  is  closely  grazed. 
Farmyard  manure  has  effected  the  second  best  improvement, 
and  this  probably  on  account  of  the  previously  poor  and  starved 
condition  of  the  soil.  The  appearance  of  this  plot  is  perhaps, 
the  freshest  and  greenest  of  all,  and,  though  not  having  the 
clover  of  the  basic  slag  plot,  it  is  quite  as  closelj"  grazed.  The 
turf  itself  is  not  improved  in  the  way  that  of  the  lime  plot 
is.  Commercially  the  best  result  has  been  that  from  the  use  of 
basic  slag  ; then  follow  farmyard  manure  and  lime. 
Altogether  this  has  been  a most  valuable  experiment,  with 
practical  results  to  the  benefit  of  the  whole  neighbourhood. 
County  Locality  Formation 
15.  Yorkshire  Barnsley  (“Low  Ing”)  Coal  measures 
Nearly  all  the  herbage  of  this  field  consisted  of  twitch  or 
bent  grass ; a little  cocksfoot  was  present,  but  very  little  clover. 
Thei’e  was  a matting  of  creeping  stems  quite  an  inch  deep  above 
the  true  soil.  This  field  is  generally  grazed.  The  soil  is  a grey 
slaty  clay  with  still  heavier  clay  subsoil.  The  soil  contained 
0‘50  per  cent,  of  lime,  with  a fair  (0T7  per  cent.)  proportion  of 
phosphoric  acid  and  of  potash  (0‘38  per  cent.).  The  applications 
tried  were  : lime,  4 tons  per  acre ; basic  slag,  6 cwt.,  with  kainit, 
2 cwt.  per  acre  ; and  bone  meal,  4 cwt.  per  acre.  A fourth 
plot  was  harrowed  and  i-e-seeded.  Han-owing  did  some  good 
by  allowing  the  seed  of  cocksfoot  to  get  hold  of  the  ground. 
Bone  meal  left  the  land  much  as  it  was,  but  there  was  a 
marked  improvement  both  from  lime  and  from  basic  slag  with 
kainit,  clover  having  come,  the  growth  of  grass  increased,  and 
the  plots  being  much  better  grazed.  Also  in  each  case  the 
matting  of  surface  stems  had  almost  entirely  disappeared, 
especially  after  the  lime.  The  limed  plot  was  the  better  of  the 
two.  This  field  is  somewhat  wet,  and  probably  because  of 
this  the  basic  slag  did  well  also. 
