( 347 .) 
TORl'LIS* * 
Linnean Class and Order. PENTA'NDRiAf Digy'nia. 
Natural Order. Umbelli'fer^:+, Juss. Gen. PI. p.^18. — Sm. 
Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 11 1. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. 
of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort Brit. p. 
517. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Card, and Bot. v. hi. p. 235. — Mack. 
FI. Hibern. p. 113. — Umbellat.e, Linn. — Rosales; sect. An- 
gelicinas; type, Angelicaceje ; subtype, Caucalid^: ; Burn. 
Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 781. 
Gen. Char. Flowers all perfect and fertile, except from occa- 
sional abortion, slightly irregular. Calyx (see fig. 2.) superior, of 
5, triangular-spear-shaped, pointed, nearly equal, permanent teeth. 
Corolla (see fig. 1.) superior, of 5, inversely heart-shaped petals, 
with an inflexed point ; outer ones of the umbellules larger than 
the central ones, and bifid. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, hair-like, 
spreading, longer or shorter than the corolla. Anthers roundish. 
Germen (see fig. 2.) inferior, egg-shaped, bristly. Floral Recep- 
tacle scarcely perceptible. Styles (see figs. 2 & 3.) 2, awl-shaped, 
somewhat spreading, much shorter than the corolla, permanent, and 
subsequently elongated, very tumid at the base. Stigmas simple. 
Fruit (see fig. 3.) contracted at the sides. Carpels ( Memcarps , Don, 
Seeds, Linn.) with 3 dorsal bristly ribs, and 2 in the inner face of 
the carpels (see fig. 4.) ; the interstices clothed with prickles, and 
having one vitta under each secondary rib below the prickles. 
Seed inflexed at the margin. Involucrum variable; the partial 
one ( involucellum J many-leaved. Flowers white or pink. 
The egg-shaped, beakless, somewhat laterally compressed, bristly 
fruit; the carpels with 3 dorsal bristly ribs, and 2 in the inner 
face of the carpels; and the secondary ribs beset with copious 
prickles, which occupy the whole furrows, having one vitta under 
each secondary rib below the prickles ; will distinguish this from 
other genera in the same class and order. 
Three species British. 
TORl'LIS ANTHRI'SCUS. Upright Hedge-Parsley. Red 
Hedge-Parsley. 
Spec. Char. Stem upright, branched. Leaves bipinnate ; 
leaflets oblong, deeply cut and serrated. Umbels terminal, of from 
5 to 10 close rays. Involucrums of several small awl-shaped 
leaves. Fruit covered with incurved bristles. 
Gaert. v. i. p. 83. — Sm. Engl. Fl. v. ii. p. 43.— With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p. 366. — 
Lind. Syn. p. 114. — Hook. Brit. Fl. p. 115. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 105. — Grcv. 
Fl. Edin. p. 70.— Fl. Devon, pp. 47 & 165.— Johnst. F). Berw. v. i. p. 67.— Winch’s 
Fl. of Northumb. and Durh. p. 18. — Walker’s Fl. of Oxf. p. 75. — Don’s Gen. Syst. 
of Card, and Bot. v. iii. p. 361. — Bab. Fl. Bath. p. 19. — Dick. Fl. Abrcd. p. 31. — 
Irv. Lond. Fl. p. 195.— Luxf. Rcig. Fl. p. 26.— Cow. Fl. Guide, p. 51. — Mack. Fl. 
Hibern. p. 114. — Torilis rubella, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 499. — Caucalis 
Anthriscus, Engl. Bot. t. 987. — Curt. Fl. Lond. t. . — Huds. Fl. Angl. (2nded.) 
Fig. 1. A Flower.— Fig. 2. Germen.— Fig. 3. Fruit.— Fig. 4. A Carpel divided 
transversely. — All, more or less, magnified. 
* Name of doubtful origin, perhaps, as Smith suggests, from toreuo, Gr. to 
carve or emboss ; in allusion to the appearance of the fruit. IIookek. 
t See folio 48, note +. 4 See folio 235, a. 
