( 382 .) 
FRA'XINUS* * 
Linnean Class and Order . Dia'ndria f, Monogy'nia. 
Natural Order . Olea'ce.e+, Lindl. Intr. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. 
p.224. — Loud.Arb. et Frut. Brit. p. 1 197. — Oleine.®, Ihffmansegg 
and Link . — Lind. Syn. p. 171 — Mack. FI. Uib. p. 178. — Ole'in/b, 
Loud. Ilort. Brit. p. 524. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. 
p. 43. — Jasmine.®, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 104. — Sm. Gr. ofBot. p. 97. — 
Rich, by Macgill. p. 437. — Hook. Br. FI. (4th ed.) p. 412. — Syiun- 
gales ; subord. Primulos.e ; sect. Primulin.® ; type, Oleace.® ; 
Burn. Outl. of Bot. pp. 900, 958, & 1020. — Sepiari ®, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Calyx none, or 4-parted, or 4-toothed. Corolla 
none, or of 4 petals. Filaments (see figs. 1 & 2 ) 2, short, between 
the segments, opposite. Anthers (see fig. 2.) large, with 4 furrows. 
Germen (see figs. 1 & 3.) superior, egg-shaped, of 2 cells, with rudi- 
ments of 2 pendulous seeds. Style (see fig. 1 .) short. Stigma cloven. 
Capsule or Samara (figs. 4 & 5.) 2-celled, compressed, winged at 
top ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds (see figs. 5 & 6.) compressed, pendulous. 
(Flowers sometimes without stamens.) 
The obsolete, or 4-petalled, corolla; the compressed, mostly 2- 
celled, and 2-seeded capsule ; and the absence of stamens in some 
of the flowers; will distinguish this from other genera in the same 
class and order. 
Two species British. 
FRA'XINUS EXCELSIOR. The taller Ash. Common Ash. 
Spec. Char. Leaves pinnated ; leaflets egg-spear-shaped, point- 
ed, serrated. Flowers without either calyx or corolla. 
Engl. Bot. t. 1093. — Ft. Dan. t. 969. — Hunt. Evol. Silva, p. 130, with a plate. — 
Loud.Arb. et Frut Brit. p. 1214. t. 156, a. ; t. 156, b. ; & t. 157. — Linn. Sp. PI. p. 
1509. — Huds. FI. Augl. (Sutleil.) p 446. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. iv. pt. n. p. 1099. — 
Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 13. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 14. — With. (7th ed. ) v. ii. p 79. — Gray’s 
Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 392. — Lindl Syn. p. 171. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 11. — Don’s Gen. 
Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 53. — Macr. Man. Brit. Bot. p. 155. — Lightf. FI. 
Seot. v. ii. p. 611. — Sihth. FI. Oxun. p. 18. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 220. — Davies’ 
Welsh Bot. p. 3. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p. 495. — Relit. FI. Cant. (3rd cd.) p. 6. — 
Hook. FI. Seot. p. 3. — Phill. Sylv. FI. v. i. p. 79. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 2. — Kent’s 
Syl. Sket. p. 20. — FI. Devon, pp. 2 & 153. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. p. 5. — Winch’s 
FI. of Nortliumb. and Durh. p. 1. — Waker’s F). of Oxf. p. 3. — Murr. North. FI. p. 
4. — Burn. Outl. of Bot. v. ii. p. 1023. sect. 4658. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 30. ; Prim. FI. 
Sam. p. 60. — Dick. FI. Abrcd. p. 20. — Irv. Lond. FI. p. 137. — Luxf. Reig. FI. 
p. 3. — Cow. FI. Guide, p. 31. — Mack. Catal. l’l. Irel. p. 8. ; FI. Ilibem. p. 178. — 
Frdxinus, Ray’s Syn. p. 469. — Johnson’s Geravde, p. 1472. 
Localities. —I n woods and hedges. 
A Tree. — Flowers in March and April, before the leaves appear. 
A tall and handsome tree, with a smooth, grey bark, and short, 
egg-shaped, blunt, coal-black, rather downy buds. Leaves oppo- 
Fig. 1. A perfect Flower. — Fig. 2. A Flower with Stamens only — Fig. 3. A 
Flower with Pistil only. — Fig. 4. A Capsule. — Fig. 5. The same opened at the base 
to show the seed. — Fig. 6. The umbilical Cord, a. ; and the Seed, b. 
* From phrasso, Or. to hedye or enclose ; the Ash having been formerly use 
for making hedges. Don. 
t See folio 30. 
4 See folio 119, a. 
