Field Gates. 
57 
an auger to avoid splitting. By this system of hanging from 
the corner of the post the fullest depth is obtained for driving 
the pin in, the gate will open farther back, and of course there 
is available the full width of the gateway, say an extra 4 to 6 
inches. 
Most people advise that the top hook should go through the 
hanging post and be fastened by a nut, the idea being that, 
should the gate require it, the nose could be raised by screwing 
the bolt. This, in my opinion, is expecting too much of such 
a simple fixing, and the objection to the hook coming right 
through is that it is more apt to admit water, and rot the post. 
I have known many a top hook loose in consequence. Perhaps, 
however, for a wide heavy gate it might be necessary to come 
through. 
Alfred Ashworth. 
III. 
Mr. Carnegie having favourably noticed the railway gates, it 
may not be out of place to give a short account of the design 
and materials which experience has shown to be good and 
lasting in the case of field gates as fixed at railway crossings. 
The accompanying sketch (fig. 20) shows the gate now in use 
on the North Eastern Railway in Yorkshire. It has slightly 
more wood in it than the Warwickshire and Gloucestershire gates 
illustrated by Mr. Carnegie, but rather less than the Oxfordshire 
type ; and it is in my opinion a better mechanical structure, all 
