Hop Cultivation. 
243 
breadth of land can be got over quickly, and before the aphides 
can do any serious injury to the plants. 
It is difficult to explain the reason of the continuous visita- 
tions of hop aphides. It is supposed to be from the numbers of 
damson and plum trees that have been planted in many places 
in the vicinity of hop plantations ; as it has been demonstrated 
by Professor Riley, the United States entomologist, that the 
winged female aphides migrate from the hop plants to damson 
and plum trees in the autumn, and place their eggs thereon. 
From these eggs, according to the great authority cited, winged 
viviparous females come in the spring, and fly to the hop plants, 
and begin at once to produce larva), termed lice by hop planters. 
It is held by some that the larvae hibernate in or round the roots 
of the hop plants, as they have been seen upon young bines as 
early as March. 
Wire worms. 
These do much harm, sometimes, to young hop plants, and 
may be entrapped by putting pieces of mangel wurzel, swede, 
potato, or rape cake round the hills, which must be examined, 
and the wireworms picked from them twice a week. 
Jumpers. 
The jumper, Euacanthus intemiptus, a species of the Cicada?, 1 
is most troublesome to the young bines, especially on light and 
stony soils. It pierces the bines with its sucking organ, or 
rostrum, causing the sap to exude, and frequently much weakens 
the plants. 
Many can be taken by holding tarred boards near the poles 
and tapping these with a stick, making the jumpers leap into 
the tar. Washing with soft soap and quassia mixed, as for 
aphides, has been found efficacious, and with soft soap and 
paraffin at the rate of 2 or 3 quarts to 100 gallons of water. 
Red SriDER. 
The Red Spider, Tetranychus telarius , is most destructive in 
very hot summers. It gets under the leaves, extracts their sap, 
and makes them drop off’. In Germany its action is called fire- 
blast — Kupfer-brand. Since washing for aphis blight has been 
so generally adopted, red spider has not been so troublesome, 
1 Monograph of British Cicadrc or Tettigidce. By George Bowdler 
Buckton, F.R.S. 
