388 
Co-operative Dairies in Denmark. 
Danish, and the mean percentage of cream 6’4, then a sample testing 
5 per cent, cream would be paid for at 1 1^ ores per 4 Danish pounds, 
and one testing 8 per cent, cream at 17| ores. 
The “ official price ” of butter is fixed weekly by the Associated 
Wholesale Butter Dealers of Copenhagen, and serves also to define 
the annual contracts entered into between the dairies and the butter 
merchants, the price being specified as the official price plus a small 
addition, say 5 ores per lb. The price of butter shipped to England 
on quay at Copenhagen will be the “ official price ” plus this 5 ores, 
andyJws also a dealer’s profit, generally 2 to 3 ores per pound Danish. 
The report proceeds to quote at length the articles of association 
and bye-laws of the Kildewceld Dairy, as adopted in general meeting 
in May 1888. The most instructive points are the following : — 
Under the Objects of the Company are recited the already men- 
tioned provisions that the business is to be the buying of milk from 
members for separation of cream by Centrifugal machines, and the 
churning of butter to be sold at a profit for the general benefit ; also 
that the separated milk and skim-milk are to be returned and 
deducted from the value of the milk supplied at fixed rates. 
Membership and Voting. — To become a member a person must 
(1) possess milch cows ; (2) be elected by a two-thirds vote in 
general meeting ; (3) pay an entrance fee of five crowns 1 per head 
of cows (the founders pay one crown per head of cattle). Members 
possessing one to ten cows have one vote ; eleven to twenty cows, two 
votes ; twenty-one to forty cows, three votes ' above forty cows, four 
votes. 
Administration. — This is confided to a board of five members, 
chosen . in general meeting, the board electing its chairman, secretary, 
and treasurer from its own members. These offices cannot be 
united ; no secretary can refuse to act on the board. One member 
of the board retires each year, at first by lot, afterwards in rotation ; 
the retiring members are eligible for re-election. 
The members of the board render their services gratuitously, but 
they may engage a clerk or accountant at a maximum salary 
reckoned at 40 ores per cow per annum (about 25£. per 1,000 cows), 
payable, like the other administration expenses, out of the company’s 
treasury. The board acts for the company toward its own members 
and to third parties in all matters. No fresh member can join 
without the signature of all five directors. 
General Meeting. — This takes place in February each year, and 
has full powers. It decides all questions between the company and 
its members, and between members themselves on company business. 
The board presents the accounts for the preceding year made up to 
January 1, and the programme for the current year. The meeting 
elects a director in place of the retiring one, and appoints a valuer 
and an auditor, whose services are gratuitous. The auditors first 
chosen are two, appointed for two years, and one (first by lot, after- 
wards by rota) retires each year. 
1 10 crpwns Danish = 11s. 0 \d. English. 
