Co-operative Dairies in Denmark. 389 
Either the board or one third of the members can convene an 
extraordinary general meeting. 
Notices of meeting and agenda papers must be sent round by "the 
company’s carts at least ten days in advance. Votes on questions 
not on the agenda must be adjourned to the next meeting. Modifica- 
tions of the statutory laws of the company, or proposals for dissolu- 
tion, require a majority of two-thirds of the members present, other 
questions a simple majority. 
Joint Capital. — The board may raise, at not over 4 per cent., a 
loan sufficient to erect and instal the dairy. Each member becomes 
security for a part of this loan, proportional to the number of 
cows he possesses. A member giving up or transferring his cow- 
keeping must withdraw from the company, but may nominate his 
successor. Except in this way membership cannot be terminated 
at will until the joint debt is extinguished, and then three months’ 
notice must be given. A member withdrawing for any reason for- 
feits half his share in the profits, reckoned to the date of withdrawal. 
A member expelled by general meeting loses all rights. 
Staff. — A manager appointed by the board has charge of the 
factory, its books and keys, excepting the key of the safe and the 
minute-book. He engages, pays and boards his employes, one of 
whom must understand butter-making, and another looks after the 
machinery. The manager gets lodging, fire, lights, and dairy products 
for his own consumption, and a small fixed salary. In addition, at 
the end of the year he receives a premium on the butter sold at a 
profit, made up thus: one-sixth of the net profit and one-fifth of 
the excess of the sale price of the butter over the “official market 
price.” 
Purchase of Milk and Resale of Residuals. — The milk is bought 
as explained above. The shim-milk and buttermilk are repurchased 
by the members at 1 ore per lb. Danish (about ljc?. per gallon) 
until the joint loan is redeemed, after which a general meeting 
reconsiders the terms. 
Division of Profits. — The annual surplus is applied to the ex- 
tinction of the debt, and if necessary to the distribution of dividends. 
When the debt is extinguished the chairman, with the assistance of 
the valuer and manager, makes an inventory and valuation of the 
company’s property. The capital sum thus found is credited to 
each member in proportion to the quantity of milk delivered by 
him since the foundation of the company, and he receives interest 
at the rate of 5 per cent, on this capital, in addition to any divi- 
dends that may be declared on his annual contributions of milk. 
Collection of Milk. — The company undertakes the collection of 
milk and delivery of separated milk, and provides vessels and carts 
for the purpose. Quantities of over 100 lb. are collected at the 
homesteads ; quantities under this may be carried by the producer 
to the collecting cart on its rounds. The drivers give notice the 
day before of the hour at which they will call. 
The milk is strained at the homesteads, and the strainers must 
be kept scrupulously clean. It is prohibited to send milk from 
