417 
The Complete Grazier* 
be more identified with the agricultural interests of the country. 
His researches and communications on rabies were also widely 
known and appreciated at that period. 
The books on Cattle , published in 1834, and Sheep , in 1837, are 
standard works to this day, and Simpkin, Marshall & Co. 
republished them in 1867 and 1869. Youatt’s division of cattle was 
into Middlehorns, Longhorns, and Shorthorns ; the last “ originally 
from East Yorkshire, improved in Durham, mostly cultivated in the 
northern counties and in Lincolnshire, and many of them found in 
every part of the kingdom where the farmer attends much to his 
dairy, or a large supply of milk is wanted.” “ The Longhorns , origin- 
ally from Lancashire, much improved by Mr. Bakewell in Leicester- 
shire, and established through the greater part of the midland 
counties ; and the Middlehorns , not derived from a mixture of the 
two preceding, but a distinct and valuable and beautiful breed, 
inhabiting principally the north of Devon, the east of Sussex, Here- 
fordshire, Gloucestershire, and, of diminished bulk and with somewhat 
different character, the cattle of the Scottish and the Welsh moun- 
tains. The Alderney, with her crumpled horn, is found on the southern 
coast and in smaller numbers in gentlemen’s parks and pleasure 
grounds everywhere ; while the polled or hornless cattle prevail in 
Suffolk and Norfolk and in Galloway, whence they were derived.” 
He considered the Middlehorns to be the native breed of Great 
Britain, and gave them the first place in his book. The other 
classification, especially that bestowed by our Continental neighbours 
on our British cattle of “large and small breeds,” or “breeds for 
milk and breeds for flesh,” appears to have been overlooked. About 
one-half of the 600 pages is apportioned to “ the anatomical 
structure and diseases of cattle,” and he states, “ veterinary science,” 
as it regards cattle, is “ so truly in its infancy that the 
farmer should take the most prudent course and avoid, as much 
as he can, the possibility of contagion.” Phthisis, or consumption, 
and the formation of tubercles is lengthily discussed, and he finally 
concludes by strongly advising the enlargement of cowhouses, 
and the ventilation of close and hot ones. “ Let cruel neglect, 
exposure, and starvation yield to more judicious and humane 
treatment \ let those that exhibit decided symptoms of consumption 
be removed from the dairy, not because the disease is contagious, 
but because it is undeniably hereditary ; and in fine, where so little 
can be done in the way of cure, let nothing be omitted in the way 
of prevention.” 
The volume on Sheep is as large as, and, if anything, more 
exhaustive than, the work on Cattle. The classification is Short 
Wools, “those used for fine cloths are now all of foreign growth ; ” 
the Middle Wools, headed by the Southdown ; and the Long Wools, 
headed by the Leicester. A long account is given of the introduc- 
tion and spread of the Merino sheep in Britain, and there are 
excellent diagrams showing the serrated structure of the fibre of 
wool ; the author being the first who had recognised and given 
ocular demonstration of its existence. In addition to the anatomy, 
