Suggestions for Stoclc-feecling in the Winter of 1893-94. 4G7 
been resown with white turnips. There is also a great breadth 
of stubble turnips planted in order to make spring feed. So, 
upon the whole, it would appear that there is a fair prospect of 
sheep feed, but very few roots will be available for cattle in our 
stalls and yards. 
A further and far-reaching loss to the arable farmer is the 
failure of this year’s grass seeds. As a rule all sorts of clovers 
and most rye-grasses are a complete failure ; sainfoin and kindred 
plants are somewhat better, but are very w r eak. There is, 
therefore, the certainty of the loss of all feed upon the new seeds 
this autumn and next spring, the certainty of a short crop of 
arable hay next year, and of a faulty ley furrow for wheat in 
the autumn of 1895. 
Having now stated the condition of the root and fodder 
supply for the coming winter, it may be well to consider how 
the farmer can best meet these deficiencies. 
In making any suggestions I am well aware that I shall be 
repeating much which has been better said before by many 
more experienced writers, and I should like my remarks to 
be considered as limited mainly to East Anglia, for agricultural 
customs are so different in other parts of England, that what 
may suit Norfolk would be inapplicable to Devon and even to 
our southern counties. 
It seems right to begin with the failure of the small seeds, 
or new layers as we call them in Norfolk, as any attempt to 
remedy that evil must be done at once. But perhaps the wisest 
plan may be to let the stubbles alone for awhile. It is just 
possible that all the seed has not germinated, especially in the 
late barleys. But in most instances this must be a forlorn 
hope, as no doubt the greater proportion of the small seeds have 
perished. Moreover, they are such a complete failure that 
patching them up would do no good, and most of them must be 
entirely resown. Before this paper is published the proper 
season for sowing trifolium, rye-grass, and clovers will be passed, 
but it may not be too late to drill vetches, and even rye in some 
localities. After all there is nothing so reliable as vetches to pro- 
duce plenty of feed early in the year. The seed is very dear, 
but vetches answer so many purposes, for soiling, hay, or folding, 
that they may yet prove the best and cheapest substitute for 
our lost clovers, and they can be followed by turnips, and then 
barley instead of wheat, without altering the antiquated four- 
course rotation which, on some estates, is still regarded with super- 
stitious reverence. 
The soundest advice, however, is to keep the best of the old 
seeds down for another year, applying at once the manure that 
