Suggestions for Stock-feeding in the Winter of 1893—94. 487 
be folded off during the day, or a run might be provided on some 
dry pasture. This practice may be continued till the ewes 
are brought to the lambing-pen and have lambed, when an extra 
supply of cake should be added, and given twice daily, with a 
run out, as soon as the lambs are strong enough, on dry pasture, 
or ley, or stubble. The ewes should have a few roots (swedes or 
turnips) for a short time, and when the weather permits they 
should be got on the turnip land, with chaff, &c., given twice 
daily ; whilst if the weather continued favourable, and we should 
be blessed with an early spring, some rye and other green food 
would soon afterwards be available. 
Tegs or shorn hogs can be wintered — provided they have 
been kept well during the summer months — almost without 
hay, if a good supply of roots be given twice daily, with 2 
bushels of cotton-cake to each 100, or about 1 lb. per head. 
Or, where only a few roots can be spared, some barley-straw 
in cribs, or cut into chaff, with a few oat-sheaves, or a mixture 
of malt dust, will keep them healthy. If there are no roots, 
and a run can be given, they should have a liberal supply of 
cotton-cake, and be folded on dry land, with troughs containing 
chaff, or some good straw in cribs. 
The feeding of cattle, although perhaps not looked upon by 
many in this district as so serious a matter as the feeding of 
sheep, is nevertheless a subject of anxious concern where dairies 
are kept, whether on mixed farms or on grass alone. 
How are the animals to be fed and sheltered, with only a 
small supply of straw, and much less, if any, of hay — with 
mangel, too, in most places, a failure ? 
Cows to calve early, and in full milk for the winter supply, 
must be housed, and well fed, at whatever cost. Cabbage, 
mangel, and silage are excellent for producing milk, but un- 
fortunately there is very little of any of these this season. We 
must therefore hope to have a few common turnips (without 
the green tops) to mix with straw and what hay can be pro- 
cured, cut into chaff, with an addition of meal and cake at 
about 6 to 8 lb. per cow. Maize meal is good, and brewers’ 
wet grains are excellent, to give with chaff, if they can be 
obtained at a reasonable price and short carriage. Where 
there is no hay, some loose barley or oat straw, such as this 
year’s unripened produce, will have to be given instead of hay 
at night, taking care at the same time that the cows get a good 
supply of water. 
I hope that most farmers took the precaution to sow 
early in. August on well-manured lands an extra breadth of rye 
or Italian* rye-grass, as, if top-dressed at once, it will be found 
. K K 2 
