Suggestions for Stoclc-feeding in the Winter of 1893-94. 497 
fattened a considerable number last winter without any hay worth 
mentioning, and with only the smallest amount of chaff (hay and 
strawin equal parts), just enough to prevent their swallowing their 
corn too rapidly. Hitherto I have not succeeded in quite over- 
coming the prejudice of the shepherd (one of the best on the 
Cotswold Hills) in favour of hay for ewes, but it will have to be 
settled this winter, for, having sold all the hay, there can be no 
use in arguing the point. However, I shall keep a somewhat 
smaller proportion of breeding ewes than I at one time intended, 
and feed a larger number of tegs, — 400 of the former, GOO of the 
latter. Being well off for grass, the ewes will require little else, 
I hope, before Christmas, when they begin roots ; the young 
ewes may be on roots earlier, and have 1 lb. of artificial food 
per day, probably malt dust and cotton-cake, or whatever equiva- 
lent may be cheapest in the market. In fact, they will be kept 
much in the same way as my Shropshires are kept in Mon- 
mouthshire, and I expect with the same satisfactory result. 
Possibly I may have to give the Cotswolds in their colder 
country a little extra dry food; if I have to give them 1^ lb. 
per day I shall not object. This will work out at a cost of 8s. 
per head,— say 10 lb. per week for 20 weeks, or 200 lb. at about 
4s. 6d. to 5s. per cwt. Under the ordinary haying system 
about 4 lb. per head per day would be the ration = 1 cwt. per 
month = 5 cwt. for 5 months, at 7s. = lZ. 15s. I think H lb. of 
cake and malt dust will be fully equal to the 4 lb. of hay. Straw 
being very short, — about 150 tons of oat straw to winter the 
100 young cattle and 15 horses, — chaffing will have to be 
resorted to, and a considerable expense incurred for cake ; but 
the roots, 105 acres, promise to be good, and with grass abund- 
ant, and dry-lying for the stock, I enter upon the winter there 
with a light heart. 
Cart-horses will, of course, have no long hay, only a little 
cut in the chaff. Colts and brood mares will winter out and 
require nothing but grass until Christmas (this applies to 
Monmouthshire, not to the Cotswold Hills), when most of them 
will no doubt require a couple of feeds of corn and chaff per day. 
Such, roughly told, is my plan for wintering my stock. There 
is nothing new in it that I am aware of, but the main point in 
economy is the prevention of waste, of which there is a great 
amount going on constantly on most farms. I do not think 
farmers are sufficiently alive to the advantage of high feeding ; 
they do not consider that it is perfectly absurd to give an 
animal intended for the butcher only sufficient artificial food to 
keep him stationary. It is next to useless to keep them slowly 
moving, for the true economy is to feed as rapidly as is com- 
