580 
Typical Farms in Cheshire and North Wales. 
The stock comprises — 
3 cart horses. 
1 pony. 
1 yearling colt, 
1 sucker. 
8 milking cows. 
4 two-year-old heifers and year- 
lings. 
8 calves. 
3 three-year-old bullocks (stores). 
2 „ feeding in 
meadow. 
11 cross-bred Welsh mountain 
ewes and 17 lambs. 
2 breeding sows (large white). 
16 feeding pigs. 
The horses are small and active and suitable to the holding. The milking 
cows are cross-bred Shorthorn and Welsh, of a good milking strain. The 
milk is converted into butter as on Mr. Jones’s farm, already described, 
part being churned as milk and the rest as cream. The calves have 
part butter-milk and part sweet skim-mik with their meal, and hay night 
and morning. The young stock are of useful type. Two of the bullocks 
were being finished oft’ for the butcher with barley meal on the grass, and 
the others would come into the stalls to be fattened in the winter with meal 
and hay. The farm is principally relied upon for supporting and feeding 
the live-stock carried by it. 
Some of the ewes are changed every year, and the others are put to the 
ram. A portion of the lambs are sold fat, and the rest are fed in the winter on 
roots and hay and sold to the butcher. The pigs are fattened on the dairy 
offal and home-grown meal, and turned off at from 12 to 15 score weights. 
The labour is performed by Mr. and Mrs. Roberts, aided by one man 
residing in the neighbourhood, at 8s. 6d. per week and food, and 25s. extra 
for harvest; two indoor lads at wages of about 11Z. and 51. per annum 
respectively ; and a small servant girl. 
3. The Farm of Me. Burrows, Whitegate, Cuddington, Cheshire. 
This small holding, 18 acres in extent, is at Whitegate, in the township 
of Marton, and six miles from Northwich, Cheshire. It stands between 100 
and 140 feet above the sea level. Climate and rainfall are much the same 
as in Cheshire generally. The farm rests on the new Red Sandstone (New 
Red Marl) formation. The surface soil runs from sand to peat, and at a 
depth of 9 to 10 inches a brash is reached which continues from 1 to 3 feet 
down, and is underlaid by red and white sand. The property belongs to 
Lord Delamere. The cottage is an old-fashioned thatched structure, and 
the buildings are rather primitive, but meet the requirements of the tenant, 
who has occupied the farm for 44 years on an annual taking at a rental of 
42/. 10s., with additional charges of some 71. for tithe and rates and taxes. 
The drainage from the buildings and yards is carried by pipes on to the 
land, and spreads itself by gravitation. No change has been made in the 
rental during the tenancy. The agreement is antiquated and not acted upon. 
The tenant has taken down 1,034 yards of old fences, and replaced 720 yards 
by new ones, the landlord finding quick. He has drained 1,940 yards from 
three to four feet deep, the landlord finding the pipes, at a cost of about 
10/. He has also sunk a pump well at an expenditure of 51. 10s., and 
planted 223 fruit-trees, chiefiy damsons, besides putting on 1,350 loads of 
marl costing about 135/. The whole of the land has been covered with marl, 
which has greatly improved its condition, it having been when first occupied 
of a very inferior nature. 
The holding, when viewed, was under the following crops : — 
8 acres of kidney potatoes. 5 acres of 3rd year’s seeds and 
2 1 „ 1st year’s seeds. pastures. 
2) „ 2nd year’s seeds. 
