581 
Typical Fawns in Cheshire and North Wales. 
No cereals are grown. About 8 acres are annually devoted, as shown 
above, to the growth of early potatoes. The rotation followed is— 
1st year, potatoes and green crop. 4th year, seeds. 
2nd year, potatoes and seeds. 5th year, seeds. 
3rd year, seeds. 
The second or third year’s leys are broken up and well cleaned, and 
manured with stable manure, before trenching or laying out the land into 
butts 1 about February. This work is done by a high-breasted plough, and 
the lands are formed about 44 ft. wide and 18 in. high, the trenches between 
them being about 18 in. wide. Burrows’s early kidney potatoes are grown ; they 
are sprouted in boxes in the building, and are planted carefully by hand, 
one man making holes with setting-stick, and two following and dropping 
the potatoes in, whilst a fourth covers them with a light rake. Potatoes are 
up in May and are kept clean by band-hoeing, and raised in June and July 
the land being entirely cleared by the end of the latter month. Cabbages 
(red pickling, ox, and savoy), mangel (yellow tankard), and swedes are 
raised in seed beds. The cabbages are transplanted in the trenches of the 
potato lands and the mangel and swedes follow in two rows on each butt, 
at a distance of about 1 foot apart, as the crop is removed. After the root 
crop is taken away the ground is again ploughed and prepared for potatoes 
the following year. This course is succeeded by seeds the same season, sown 
the beginning of August at the rate of one bushel Italian rye-grass and 9 lb. 
Alsike and red clovers to the acre. The seeds are mown green for the stock 
in October, and are then dressed with 12 cwt. of bone dust per acre. 
The following June they are again cut green for stock, and then mown in 
the autumn for hay, after which they have another top-dressing of 4 cwt. of 
bones per acre. The following one or two years, as the case may be, they are 
grazed until brought into cultivation again. The potato land was perfectly 
clean and the crops were excellent. Red pickling and Savoy cabbages 
were already transplanted in the trenches for root crops, and mangel and 
swede plants were ready for use. The seeds for mowing were very heavy, and 
those for grazing were exceedingly good, notwithstanding the drought. The 
banks of a deep ditch intersecting the holding had been fenced out and 
planted with damsons and black currants by Mr. Burrows, and damson 
trees prevailed in the fence surrounding the stack-yard and some of the 
fields. The hedges adjoining the road were neat and well brushed, but the 
remaining ones were strong and rough. Mr. Burrows purchases straw for 
his stock, and on an average 120 tons of stable manure from VVinsford 
(3£ miles distant), and 1 ton of bone turnings per annum. He estimates 
that he grows 7 tons per acre of potatoes, and he sends these and his fruit 
to Leeds, where he realises high prices for the early potatoes. As much 
as 7 tons of fruit is s- metimes sold in on'> year. No space is left idle either 
on farm or in garden, and five hives of bees occupy a place in the latter. 
The live-stock comprise — 
1 cart horse, a powerful five- 
year-old, which does all the 
work of the farm. 
5 milking cows (crossbred). 
1 heifer calf rearing on hand, remain- 
der fed and sold to butcher. 
2 breeding sows. 
Poultry (all chickens). 
The cows are well fed, and receive about 4 lb. of bran and Indian meal 
per day ; they are principally kept for butter-making, which is done by Mrs. 
Burrows. A few skim-cheeses are made for household use in the summer. 
The produce of the sows are fed on dairy refuse, small potatoes, and Indian 
Q Q 
VOL. IV. T-S, — 15 
Kidges or “ lands.” 
