582 
Typical Farms in Cheshire and North Wales. 
meal ; two or three fat pigs are annually killed for home use, and the rest are 
sold when weaned. Some 3 tons 10 cwt. of Indian meal and 2 tons 10 cwt. 
of bran are consumed in a year. 
Besides Mr. and Mrs. Burrows there are four men and one boy living in 
the house, and also one woman servant. The wages run from 6s. to 12s. 
per week and one quart of beer per diem in the summer, and extra if work- 
ing late. In addition there are never less than six Irishmen for two months 
from middle of June. They receive 18s. per week and one quart of beer per 
day. They work 12 hours a day, less one hour for meals, and if required 
make an extra quarter when busy. 
4. The Farm of Me. Samuel Edwaeds, Norbury, near 
Wrenbury, Cheshire. 
This holding of nearly 25 acres has been in the occupation of the present 
tenant for eleven years, and was held by his father for twenty years 
ureviously. The rent of 40/. 16s. per annum is nearly 34s. per acre, which, 
with tithes and taxes about 3s. per acre, makes the total about 37s. per acre. 
No change has been made in rental during the tenancy, and Mr. Edwards 
considers the outgoings for rent, rates, and taxes much the same now as 
when he first took the farm. No allowances in the form of manures have 
been made on account of the agricultural depression. 
The tenancy is a yearly one, from Lady-day to Lady-day, and the agree- 
ment is drawn pretty much on the lines of the old Cheshire custom, which 
at the termination of the tenancy gives right of pre-entry to the incoming 
tenant on the arable and meadow ground at Christmas and on the pastures 
at Candlemas-day, the outgoing tenant retaining the house and boozy 
pasture till May 1. The tenant is debarred by agreement from ploughing 
up old pastures and from selling oil' hay and straw, but the sale of such pro- 
duce is not objected to in practice. The tenant is allowed the unexhausted 
value of manure used the last year of the tenancy. 
This farm is situated 3 j miles from Wrenbury, in South Cheshire, upon 
the estate of the Marquis of Cholmondeley. Its altitude is 266 feet above 
the level of the sea. The rainfall of the locality averages about 27 inches, 
and the climate approximates to that of the West Midland district generally, 
being fairly good, with bracing winds from the Atlantic, and rather severe 
spring months. The farm rests on the New Red Sandstone formation covered 
by drift (clay, sand, and gravel), and the soil is mostly of a loamy nature, 
underlaid by clay loam and clay subsoil. A small portion of the meadow 
land is of rather a peaty character. 
The house and buildings are sufficient for the requirements of the hold- 
ing, the latter containing stalls for ten cows and accommodation for calves, 
granary, food-mixing room in which the chaff-cutting and root-grating are 
done by manual power, two-stall stable, and cart shed. The Dutch barn, 
45 ft. long by 15 ft. wide and 17 ft. high, was put up by the tenant in 
1885, the timber uprights being found by the landlord. A small garden, 
devoted this year to the growth of vetches, contained the usual garden fruits 
and several damson trees, which also extend in the hedges on each side of 
the approach to the house from the main road. 
The following rotation is usually' pursued on the arable laud: — Oats, 
green crop (consisting of mangel, swedes, turnips, and potatoes), wheat, 
green crop, oats, and clover, which Remains down two or three years accord- 
ing to circumstances and is then broken up again for oats. The land is 
cleared in the autumn by skimming up the stubbles lightly with the plough, 
and.&carifying and harrowing, and again ploughing deeper for winter. Roots 
are sown on the ridge. Farmyard manure is used, together with about 
