Annual Report for 1893 of tlic Zoologist. 
817 
feather, from which the barbules have been removed except at the 
tip, may be introduced into the windpipe, and the worms dislodged. 
The scrupulous cleanliness of the poultry yard or pheasantry 
and the strict isolation of birds which exhibit symptoms of attack 
are the points most worthy of attention in the treatment of this 
disease. Under the head of “Syngamosis” Neumann gives an 
interesting account of this infestation in his work 1 on Parasites and 
Parasitic Diseases of the Domesticated Animals, which has recently 
been translated by Dr. Fleming. From this source most of the above 
suggestions are derived. Young birds are most subject to attack, 
and spontaneous recovery is unusual. 
The Mediterranean Flour Moth. 
Ephestia KiihnieUa, Zeller. 
Reference to this increasingly troublesome pest will be found in 
several of the Annual Reports of the late Consulting Entomologist 
of the Royal Agricultural Society. Those who suffer from its ravages 
are particularly referred to the Report for 1891, which contains an 
interesting account of the moth 
and the nuisance it creates, to- 
gether with such measures for 
combating it as have hitherto 
been most successful in this 
country. M. J. Danysz has 
recently published an important 
monograph on this pest, and 
some of his suggestions with 
regard to it may prove valuable 
to the miller. 
The fact that the flour moth 
has become so much more for- 
midable of late years is due to 
the higher and more equable 
temperature of modern mills, 
which favours the development 
of the insect to such an extent 
that its reproductive powers are 
at least doubled. 
It is not unusual fer mills 
to work day and night, and in the consequent warmth of the build- 
ing the moth, which would normally produce perhaps three broods 
during the year, produces six or more. 
Perhaps the most valuable portion of M. Danysz’s report relates 
to the structure of the machinery used in flour-mills. He remarks : 
“ The machines which are most difficult to clean are at the 
same time those which are most infested. Thus, in infested mills, 
1 A review of this work appeared in the Journal, 3rd Series, Vol. III., 1892 
(Part II.), pp. 397-403 .— Ed. 
VOL. IV. T. S. — 16 3 n 
Fig. 2 . — Ephestia Kii'iniella. — a, imago ; B, 
pupa ; c, pup® in situ ; d, larva, a and c, 
from nature ; b and d, after Riley. 
