42 
Dairy  Cattle  and  the  Butter  Test. 
way  in  which  the  produce  of  these  three  sires  on  the  female 
side  inherited  all  the  characteristics  mentioned  above. 
One  illustration  on  the  female  side  to  show  that  richness  of 
milk  is  transmissible  will  suffice.  Fancy,  a Jersey  cow, 
won  three  gold  medals  at  the  May  Butter  Test  in  Jersey  in 
the  years  1893,  1894,  and  1896,  with  the  following  yields  of 
butter  : — 2 lb.  8^  oz.,  2 lb.  11^  oz.,  and  3 lb.  3^  oz.  Her 
daughter.  Fancy's  Pride,  only  competed  in  1897,  when  she 
won  the  gold  medal  with  3 lb.  2|  oz.  of  butter,  having  been 
97  days  in  milk.  Her  daughter.  Fancy's  Rose,  won  the  first 
prize  at  the  October  Test  in  the  Island  with  2 lb.  6^  oz..  of 
butter,  having  been  240  days  in  milk. 
Quality  of  Milks. 
Although  it  is  now  easy  to  get  at  the  average  quality  of  the 
milks  yielded  by  the  different  breeds  of  cattle,  from  the 
reports  of  the  butter-test  trials,  yet,  previous  to  1886,  no  informa- 
tion that  can  be  considered  as  authoritative  is  to  be  found  in 
any  of  the  books  on  cattle  or  dairy-farming  then  extant,  the 
reason  apparently  being  that  up  to  that  time  no  experiments 
open  to  the  public  (and  so  to  criticism)  had  been  carried  out. 
It  was  generally  admitted  that  the  milks  from  the  Channel 
Island  cattle  were  richer  than  from  other  breeds,  because  the 
fat  globules  in  those  milks  were  said  to  be  larger  than  in  others. 
With  the  advent  of  the  butter-test  trials  and  the  publica- 
tion of  the  butter  ratio  averages,  as  also  of  the  milk  analyses, 
the  quality  of  the  various  milks  was  soon  ascertained,  and  the 
following  figures  represent  as  nearly  as  possible  the  amount 
of  milk  required  to  make  one  pound  of  butter  in  the  case  of 
each  breed  mentioned  : — 
Milk  required  to  make  1 Ih.  of  Butter. 
Breed 
Eed  Poll 
Welsh 
Shorthorn 
Lincoln  Ked  Shorthorn 
Ayrshire . 
South  Devon  . 
Kerry 
Dexter  . 
Longhorn 
Guernsey 
Jersey 
Eatio 
Gallon 
1 30  00 
3 
1 27-50 
2| 
1 26-00 
H 
22-50 
2i 
21-00 
2t'o 
19-00 
These  figures  vary  somewhat  in  different  trials  because 
there  may  be  very  few  cattle  in  a particular  test,  and  those 
