The  City  Dray  Horse. 
65 
of  Liverpool,  consisting  of  two  horses,  take  anything  from  five 
to  ten  tons,  including  the  vehicle,  as  an  ordinary  load,  whilst 
the  general  load  in  the  case  of  a four-wheeled  city  waggon,  for 
one  horse,  varies  from  three  to  five  tons.  In  Liverpool  the 
draught  horse  is  called  upon  to  move  the  heaviest  weights, 
Manchester  and  the  other  large  towns  following  closely. 
The  pace  varies  from  two  to  three  miles  per  hour. 
The  foods  given,  as  might  be  expected,  vary  according  to 
market  fluctuations,  but  mainly  the  rations  may  be  said  to  be 
as  follows  : — Maize,  when  the  price  permits,  is  by  far  the  most 
largely  used,  mixed  with  a small  proportion  of  beans,  peas,  or 
oats,  but  lately  oats  have  been  substituted  for  the  maize  owing 
to  the  high  price  of  the  latter,  whilst  chopped  hay  is  of  course 
the  staple  makeweight.  For  the  heavy  cart  horse  in  full  work 
about  30  lb.  of  this  mixture  is  given  daily. 
The  following  examples  of  daily  rations  are  of  interest : — 
Liverpool  Corporation. 
6 lb.  Indian  corn. 
6 „ Chilian  oats. 
4 „ Beans. 
1 „ Oatmeal. 
13  „ Chopped  hay,  composed  of  half  Canadian  and 
half  best  English  rye-grass  and  clover. 
30  lb.  per  horse  per  day. 
Messrs.  Groves  & Whitnall,  Brewers,  of  Manchester. 
Horses  working  in  the  town — 
4 lb.  Oats. 
4 „ Beans. 
4 „ Peas. 
4 „ Bi’an. 
14  „ Chopped  clover  and  rye-grass. 
30  lb.  per  horse  per  day,  given  in  three  feeds  of  10  lb. 
each. 
Horses  working  country  journeys — 
5 lb.  Oats. 
5 „ Peas. 
5 „ Beans. 
4 „ Bran. 
17  „ Chopped  clover  and  rye-grass. 
36  lb.  per  horse  per  day,  given  in  three  feeds  of  12  lb. 
each. 
There  will  be  a slight  wastage  in  this  last  case,  as  the  horses 
will  feed  out  of  nose-bags. 
VOL.  70. 
F 
