Milk  and  Butter  Tests  at  the  Gloucester  Show,  1909.  231 
Table  X. — Average  Butter  Ratio  figures  or  number  of 
pounds  of  Milk  taken  to  make  1 lb.  of  Butter  under  their 
respective  breeds  and  headings  at  Derby,  Lincoln,  Newcastle, 
and  Gloucester,  and  the  average  number  of  cows  and  butter 
ratio  figures  at  the  four  Shows. 
Ne-w- 
castle 
Glouces- 
ter 
The  Four  Shows 
Breed 
Derby 
Lincoln 
No.  of 
Cows 
Butter 
ratio 
Shorthorn 
Lbs. 
20-53 
Lbs. 
30-94 
Lbs. 
24-94 
Lbs. 
33-43 
16 
Lbs. 
28-82 
Lincoln.  Red  do.  . 
28-80 
29  24 
22-30 
28-23 
18 
27-76 
Devon  . . ' . 
— 
— 
— 
35-72 
3 
35-72 
South  Devon 
26-32 
25-79 
29-10 
24-65 
11 
26-37 
Red  Poll 
— 
31-65 
— 
30-59 
4 
28-68 
Ayrshire 
— 
— 
28-69 
28-91 
2 
28-80 
Jersey  . 
19-47 
19-38 
19-69 
20-50 
64 
19-82 
Guernsey  • . 
20-28 
22-35 
19-89 
21-67 
10 
21-45 
Longhorn 
— 
33-35 
— 
— 
1 
33-35 
Kerry  . 
— 
— 
— 
32-35 
2 
32-35 
III.— EXPERIMENTS  IN  THE  DAIRY. 
' Experiment  No.  I. 
The  Sampling  of  Milk. 
To  take  an  accurate  and  so  “ fair  ” sample  of  milk  is  not 
an  easy  matter.  Cream  rises  very  quickly  to  the  surface,  and 
when  once  risen,  will  not  mix  again  with  the  milk  unless  the 
milk  is  heated  up  to  101“  F.,  the  blood  heat  of  the  cow. 
Passing  fresh  milk  over  a refrigerator  undoubtedly  retards 
the  rising  of  the  cream,  but  not  sufficiently  to  enable  an 
accurate  sample  of  the  milk  to  be  taken  either  by  dipping 
or  by  drawing  off  through  a tap — the  usual  methods  practised 
in  the  retail  milk  trade. 
The  fact  that  “ by  the  law  of  nature  cream  tends  to  settle 
at  the  top  ” has  been  recognised  in  the  Superior  Courts,  and 
a tradesman  selling  milk  without  mixing  the  same  and 
without  disclosing  the  condition  to  a purchaser  has  been  held 
liable  to  conviction  under  the  Food  and  Drugs’  Act,  1875 
(Dyer  v.  Gower,  1 Q.B.  220). 
To  demonstrate  the  difficulty  of  taking  a correct  sample 
from  a churn  of  milk,  bearing  in  mind  the  decision  in  this 
case,  and  the  methods  adopted  by  the  Inspectors  under  the 
Act  when  obtaining  samples  for  analysis,  the  following  experi- 
ment was  undertaken. 
