Forestry  Exhibition  at  Gloucester. 
249 
Mr.  Elwes  showed  planks  of  Scots  Pine,  grown  on  his  estate 
at  Colesborne  : — 
A.  From  a tree  quickly  grown  on  clay  soil  : coarse  in 
texture,  nearly  half  being  sapwood,  but  free  from  knots.  Mr. 
Price  considered  this  to  be  intermediate  in  quality  between 
2nd  and  3rd  Archangel. 
B.  From  a tree  grown  slowly  on  oolite : finely  grained  and 
sappy,  free  from  knots  ; considered  by  Mr.  Price  to  be  equal 
to  2nd  Archangel. 
The  Farl  of  Dudley  also  showed  in  Class  6“  a large  number 
of  boards  and  sections  of  larch,  of  various  ages,  and  grown 
under  varied  conditions.  Trees  grown  in  dense  crops  had  long 
stems,  the  sections  showing  close  and  regular  annual  rings  ; 
those  grown  in  open  order  had  short  boles,  with  sections 
exhibiting  wide  and  irregular  rings.  With  regard  to  soil,  Mr. 
Braid  supplied  the  following  notes  : — Larch  grown  on  very 
deep  sand  show  vigorous  groyrth  in  the  early  stages,  but  do  not 
attain  a large  size,  and  are  at  their  best  when  about  sixty  years 
old.  Larch  grown  on  poor  calcareous  soil,  on  a low  hill-side 
with  a north  aspect,  were  of  good  quality  and  growth,  maturing 
about  sixty  years  of  age.  Larch  grown  on  stiff  clay,  as  scattered 
trees  amidst  oak,  were  poor  in  growth,  and  showed  signs  of 
decay  when  sixty-five  years  old.  The  largest  and  finest 
specimens  of  larch,  of  which  specimen  planks  about  2 ft.  wide 
were  sent  from  Witley  Court,  were  cut  from  trees  about 
ninety-five  years  old,  grown  on  light  sandy  loam  in  a low 
situation,  scattered  singly  through  a wood  of  Spanish  Chestnut, 
Oak,  and  Ash. 
In  Class  8,  Farl  Beauchamp  was  the  only  exhibitor.  He 
sent  an  interesting  series  of  specimen  stems,  with  boards  cut 
from  them,  of  Scots  and  Austrian  Pines,  Spruce,  Larch,  and 
Oak,  illustrating  the  effect  of  dense  and  thin  crops  on  the 
suppression  of  branches  and  the  resultant  quality  of  the 
timber. 
In  Classes  7 and  9,  the  Farl  of  Dudley  made  a surprisingly 
varied  and  extensive  exhibit,  which  exceeded  what  one  often 
sees  of  the  same  kind  in  permanent  forestry  museums.  The 
specimens  illustrating  the  effects  of  good  and  bad  pruning, 
of  summer  and  winter  pruning,  were  well  chosen.  Other 
specimens  illustrated  in  great  detail  the  injuries  done  to  forest 
trees  by  animals,  parasites  like  mistletoe  and  woodbine,  fungi, 
&c.  I noticed  specimens  showing  the  attacks  of  water-voles  on 
poplars  and  willows,  3 in.  in  diameter  at  the  butt.  There  were 
some  interesting  examples  of  larch  canker  {Pezisa)  following 
definite  wounds,  as  peeling  by  rabbits  ; and  in  one  case,  where 
a larch  growing  in  a hollow  had  its  leading  shoot  killed  by 
frost,  the  canker  commenced  to  show  at  the  base  of  the  dead 
