1920-21.] Obituary Notices. 171 
early date by the inception of a number of enterprises of great boldness, 
and those which were carried out raised the reputation of the firm to a 
high pitch. First came The Survey Atlas of Scotland, in 1895 ; but this, 
it should be mentioned, was mainly the uniting in one whole of sectional 
sheets on the scale of half an inch to the mile, which had been appearing for 
several years and formed the first topographical maps in which the method 
of representing the inequalities of the surface by layering, or the distin- 
guishing of areas between successive contour lines by different colours and 
tints, was applied on a large scale. It had previously been made use of at 
Mr J. G. Bartholomew’s suggestion, at least as early as 1880 in maps 
prepared for Baddeley’s Guide to the English Lake District. The method 
has since been adopted on topographical maps prepared by many other 
geographical establishments, including the Ordnance Survey Department 
at Southampton, but by none with greater taste and effectiveness than by 
the firm which first so used it. The Survey Atlas of England and Wales 
followed in 1903. Both atlases have, besides the large-scale sheets, more 
comprehensive maps on a smaller scale, showing the geology and climatic 
and other features of the geography of the countries represented. In both, 
the maps by Bosse showing the density of population are particularly note- 
worthy. For Scotland this map was brought up to date in maps prepared 
by Mr Bartholomew for publication in The Scottish Geographical 
Magazine, in accordance with the censuses of 1901 and 1911, the latter 
included also in the 1912 edition of the Atlas of Scotland. The three 
together form an interesting conspectus of census results, although of 
course they cannot but exhibit the inevitable defects of all density of popu- 
lation maps arising from the necessary arbitrariness in the choice of the 
limits of density distinguished by different colours or shades, and the mode 
in which town populations are allowed to influence the density tint of the 
areas to which they belong. 
Before the issue of the second of the two atlases mentioned there 
appeared, in 1899, the first volume to be issued of the grandest enterprise 
of the Institute — a physical atlas designed on a scale of hitherto unparal- 
leled magnitude. The prospectus of the whole work was given to the 
public along with the Atlas of Meteorology , which was the first published 
of the seven volumes of which the whole work was designed to consist, 
and of which this volume was to form the third. 
The whole work was then planned in all its essential details. The 
first volume, besides containing a general introduction dealing with the 
Extent of Land and Sea Surveys, was to be devoted to Geology ; the second 
to Orography, Hydrography, and Oceanography. The third, as already 
