53. — Tilia intermedia, Dec. Prod. v. i. p. 513. — Lindl. Syn. p. 54. — Macreiglit’s 
Man. of Brit. Bot. p. 37. — T. platyphylla, Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 637. — T. 
fcemina, John. Uevarde, p. 1438. — T. vulgaris platypkyllos, Ray’s Syn. p. 473, 
hut not of J. Bauhin. 
Localities. — In woods and hedges. 
Tree. — Flowers in July. 
A tall, upright tree, with smooth, round, brown, leafy, spreading 
branches, green while young. Leaves 3 or 4 inches broad, and 
rather more in length, undivided ; unequal and somewhat heart- 
shaped, as well as entire, at the base ; the margin acutely and rather 
unequally serrated ; the point elongated, acute ; bright green on 
the upper surface, paler on the under ; quite smooth, except a tuft 
of brown woolly hairs at the origin of the veins beneath. Stipulas 
oval, smooth, in pairs at the base of each footstalk, soon falling off. 
Footstalks (petioles J cylindrical, slender, smooth, not half so long as 
the leaves. Flowers small, very fragrant, in drooping pedunculate 
cymes or imperfect umbels, which arise from the centre of a long, 
spear-shaped, leaf-like bractea, of a pale yellowish-green colour, 
which falls off with the fruit. Calyx greenish. Petals inversely 
egg-shaped, pale lemon-coloured, destitute, like all our European 
species, of the scales attached to the petals of American ones. 
Stamens spreading, shorter than the corolla. Jlnthers yellow. 
Germen densely hairy. Stigma 5-lobed. Capsule downy, leathery, 
not woody, uncertain in the number of perfect cells and seeds. 
This tree is cultivated all over England, as well as in some parts of Scotland. 
The wood is soft, light, and smooth ; close grained, and not subject to the worm ; 
it is used for some domestic purposes, and by the turner, and musical instrument 
maker ; but its chief use is for carving. 
It served Gibbons for his inimitable carvings of flowers, dead game, &c, so often 
seen in old English houses, the Duke of Devonshire’s at Chatsworth, choir of St. 
Paul’s, &c. ; and it is supposed by some, that the blocks employed by Holbein 
for wood-engravings were of this tree. The wood makes excellent charcoal for 
gunpowder ; and the inner bark of this, and perhaps some other species, makes the 
Russian garden-mats called Bast. Bees collect much honey from the flowers. 
The sap, inspissated, affords a quantity of sugar. Erineum tiliaceum. Pers. is not 
uncommon on the under side of the leaves in the Summer and Autumn. — An an- 
cient Lime of great magnitude, which grew where the ancestors of Linn.eus had 
long resided, is said to have given them their family name, Linn being Swedish 
for a. Lime-tree. (Smith, Withering, &c.). 
For much valuable and interesting information relating to the history, properties, 
uses, &c. of this tree, I beg to refer to Mr. Loudon’s Arboretum et Fruticetum 
Britannicum, which is now finished, and is, without exception, the very best, 
and most complete work on the subject of Arboriculture, that has ever before been 
published, either in this or any other country. 
The Natural Order, Tilia'cea:, is composed of dicotyledonous 
trees or shrubs, with simple, alternate, stipulated, often toothed, 
leaves, and axillary flowers. The calyx consists of 4 or 5 sepals, 
with a valvate aestivation; and the corolla of 4 or 5 entire petals, 
each with a little pit at its base. The stamens are generally inde- 
finite ; their anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally. The disk is 
formed of glands equal in number to the petals, at the foot of which 
they are placed, adhering to the stalk of the ovary. The ovary is 
from 1- to 10-celled ; with a single style. The fruit is a capsule 
of several cells, with one or many seeds in each. The albumen is 
fleshy ; the embryo straight ; and the cotyledons flat, and foliaceous. 
Tilia is the only British genus belonging to this order. 
