( 301 .) 
LITHOS PE RMIT M* *. 
Linnean Class and Order, Penta'ndria f, Monogy'nia. 
Natural Order. Boragi'ne/e Juss. Gen. PI. p. 128. — Sm. 
Gram, of Bot. p. 102. — Lindl. Syn. p. 163. ; Introd to Nat. Syst. 
of Bot. p. 241. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 410. — Loud. Hort. Brit, 
p. 527. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iv. p. 306. — Mack. 
FI. Hib. p. 167. — Hook. Brit. FI. (4th ed.) p. 413 . — Asperifo- 
lia;, Linn. — Sm. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 247 . — Svringales ; subord. 
Primulcs/e ; sect. Solaninaj; type, Boraginace.e ; Burn. 
Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 958. 982, & 1005. 
Gen. Char. Calyx (fig. 1.) inferior, of 1 sepal, in 5 deep, 
spear-shaped, pointed, equal, nearly upright, keeled segments, 
permanent. Corolla (figs. 2 & 3.) of 1 petal, funnel-shaped ; tube 
cylindrical, as long as the calyx, with a naked, open mouth ; limb 
divided half way down into 5 equal, blunt, upright segments. 
Filaments (see fig. 3.) 5, very short, inserted into the tube. Jlnthers 
oblong, concealed within the tube. Germens (see fig. 4.) 4, in- 
serted into the base of the calyx. Style (see fig. 4.) thread-shaped, 
shorter than the tube. Stigma blunt, notched. Seeds ( Nuts) 
(f. 4.) 4, egg-shaped* pointed, hard, shining, either even or wrinkled, 
in the bottom of the moderately spreading calyx. 
Distinguished from other genera with monopetalous, inferior 
flowers, and naked seeds, in the same class and order, by the 
funnel-shaped corolla, with a naked throat; the oblong, enclosed 
anthers ; and the egg-shaped, hard seeds or nuts. 
• Four species British. 
LITHOSPE'RMUM PURPURO-CCERU'LEUM. Purple-blue 
flowered Gromwell. Creeping Gromwell. Pearl Plant. Lichwale. 
Spec. Char. Stems herbaceous ; barren ones creeping ; 
flowering ones upright. Leaves spear-shaped, acute, scabrous. 
Corolla much longer than the calyx. Seeds even. 
Engl. Bot. t. 117. — Hook. FI. Lond. t. 12. — Jacq. Ft. Austr. v. i. p. 11. t. 14. — 
Linn. Sp. I'l. p. 190. — Iluds. Ft. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 79. — Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. II. 
p. 754. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. p. 214. ; Engl. FI. v. i. p. 255. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. 
p. 279. — Lind. Syn. p. 164. — Ilook. Br. FI. p. 80. — Macr. Man. Bv. Bot. p. 161. — 
FI. Devon, pp. 34 & 151. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Hot. v. iv. p. 321. — 
Lithospermum violaceum, Lam. FI. Fr. v. ii. p,271. — Lithospermum majus 
Dodoncei, flore purpureo, simine Anchusce , Ray’s Syn. p. 229. — Lithosper- 
mum majus, Johnson’s Gerardo, p. 609. — AEyonychon repens, Gray’s Nat. A.ir. 
v. ii. p. 354. 
Localities. — In hedges and thickets, and in mountain and woody pastures, 
on a chalky soil, very rare. — Cumberland; In a wood at Castle-carrot k : 
Hutchinson. — Devon; Dungeon Cliff, Petitor, and Marychurch : Rev. A. 
Neck. — Herefordsh. Northern parts of the county : Duncvmb. — Kent; Near 
(Jreenhithe : Dr. Latham. In Darent Wood : Mr. W. Curtis— Somersetsh. 
Near Taunton : Ray. Coppice between A xbridge and Wookey : Dr. Maton. 
Fig. 1. Calyx. — Fig. 2. Calyx and Corolla. — Fig. 3. Corolla opened vertically to 
show the 5 stamens. — Fig. 4. Germen, Style, and Stigma. — Fig. 5. A Seed. 
• From lithos, Gr. a stone ; and sperma, Gr. a seed ; from its shining, very- 
hard seeds, or nuts. Sir W. J. Hooker. 
t See folio 48, note +. 
\ See folio 102, a. 
